Religion In America, 1492-1790 :: essays research papers

Religion in the New World detonated into the land with the colonization of thousands of settlers. It assumed a significant job in the advancement of thought in the West. Religion was one of the primary ideas to start the wants of individuals from different nations to emigrate to the new grounds. While numerous religions bloomed on the American shores of the Atlantic, a fundamental structure held for a large portion of them, being dominatingly gotten from Rigidity. Jamestown, the main lasting English settlement, demonstrated the connection the new pioneers needed to God at the point when Sir Thomas Dale said the accompanying in 1610: Be definitely not daunted at all For scandall can't doe us wrong, God will not let us fall. Let England knowe our willingnesse, For that our work is acceptable; Wee want to plant a country Where none before hath stood. (Morison, pg. 89) Originally, when Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of America en course to Asia, he was not keen on finding new lands. Most Europeans at the time were searching for a way to get at the most seasoned piece of the Old World, the East Indies. A sea course was tried to the nations that were accepted to contain wealth past European cognizance, hence abstaining from paying many various mediators associated with exchange, likewise making for a shorter excursion. These inspirations were went with by the craving to change over the barbarian to Christianity, which had been declining since the ascent of Islam. By joining a few of the Western Asian nations with Christianity, Europeans planned to shape an impressive group against the Turks and recoup the important Holy Land (Morison, p.55). Columbus was certain that God had sent him to finish this task and that he was bound to convey the great Christian approaches to barbarian grounds. A Spanish settlement was made in 1609 named Santa Fe in what is currently New Mexico (Curti, p.167). A huge number of Pueblo Indians were at that point changed over to Christianity. Simultaneously, over the nation, England was building up its first settlement at Jamestown. Initially the English, who colonized close by the French, considered settlements to be the New World as carefully exchanging posts, yet they before long understood the significant openings that lay in the virgin terrains of America, for example, cotton, tobacco, and a few other farming items that couldn't be found anyplace else. A considerable lot of England’s issues could be illuminated in America, thus colonization started. At the point when the soonest pilgrims came, England had the duty to proceed with the Protestant Church, and keep the Catholic Church from changing over the whole Local American populace of North America (Morison, p.105) A potential Protestant shelter could be based there in the danger of common wars or a difference in religion. Religion In America, 1492-1790 :: papers inquire about papers Religion in the New World detonated into the land with the colonization of thousands of workers. It assumed a significant job in the advancement of thought in the West. Religion was one of the principal ideas to start the wants of individuals from different nations to emigrate to the new grounds. While numerous religions bloomed on the American shores of the Atlantic, a fundamental structure held for a large portion of them, being dominatingly gotten from Rigidity. Jamestown, the primary changeless English settlement, demonstrated the connection the new pioneers needed to God at the point when Sir Thomas Dale said the accompanying in 1610: Be definitely not daunted at all For scandall can't doe us wrong, God will not let us fall. Let England knowe our willingnesse, For that our work is acceptable; Wee would like to plant a country Where none before hath stood. (Morison, pg. 89) Originally, when Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of America en course to Asia, he was not keen on finding new lands. Most Europeans at the time were searching for a way to get at the most seasoned piece of the Old World, the East Indies. A sea course was tried to the nations that were accepted to contain wealth past European cognizance, along these lines abstaining from paying several various agents engaged with exchange, additionally making for a shorter excursion. These inspirations were went with by the craving to change over the barbarian to Christianity, which had been declining since the ascent of Islam. By joining a few of the Western Asian nations with Christianity, Europeans planned to shape an imposing group against the Turks and recoup the important Holy Land (Morison, p.55). Columbus was certain that God had sent him to finish this task and that he was bound to convey the great Christian approaches to rapscallion lands. A Spanish settlement was made in 1609 named Santa Fe in what is currently New Mexico (Curti, p.167). Countless Pueblo Indians were at that point changed over to Christianity. Simultaneously, over the nation, England was building up its first settlement at Jamestown. Initially the English, who colonized nearby the French, considered settlements to be the New World as carefully exchanging posts, yet they before long understood the significant openings that lay in the virgin terrains of America, for example, cotton, tobacco, and a few other farming items that couldn't be found anyplace else. A considerable lot of England’s issues could be settled in America, thus colonization started. At the point when the soonest pioneers came, England had the duty to proceed with the Protestant Church, and keep the Catholic Church from changing over the whole Local American populace of North America (Morison, p.105) A potential Protestant shelter could be based there in the danger of common wars or a difference in religion.

We Are Our Mothers Daughters Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays

We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Book Review We Are Our Mothers Daughters News reporter Cokie Roberts, writer of a significant book titled We are Our Mothers Daughters, distributed in 1998, call number 001-170, examines noteworthy issues confronting ladies today in her book. She takes her perusers on an individual and political venture, investigating the various jobs ladies have played all through American history and the associations and qualifications among various ages of ladies. On an individual level, each exposition is a prologue to a few of the interest ladies Roberts has experienced throughout her announcing vocation; she likewise relates amazing and moving biographies about the ladies throughout her life, similar to her mom previous Congresswoman Lindy Boggs. Roberts style is exceptional. Roberts takes you through personal accounts of remarkable ladies; these ladies become the start for progressively broad conversations of womens position in governmental issues, business, parenthood, and marriage, just as other issues. Roberts inspects the idea of womens jobs, from mother to technician, sister to officer, from her own understanding. Roberts is true to her sentiments in her composition in this book. I felt similarly as she was glad or miserable. She starts her composition with the serious story of her sister, whom passes on from malignancy at a youthful age. The tale of her moms life as a lawmaker next. Roberts likewise, composed about an auntie of hers, a fighter, specialist, companion, journalist, social liberties extremist, spouse, and an enterpriser. She closes her book by her last section titled A Womens Place. She talks about all the significant jobs of the ladies she expounded on and how they integrate. A womens place is all over the place and anyplace in todays world. She worked her composition by expounding on the ladies that were near her and stretched out from that point to other interesting ladies she experienced in her vocation. Roberts committed a section to every lady she expounded on. This book from my view is delicate, waterway forward, and discerning. It likewise appears such a decent variety of decisions and points of view accessible to ladies today and incredibly attests the obligation of females amazing entomb association among all ladies, whatever their foundation. I would propose anybody intrigued by where a ladies have a place and the history of ladies should peruse this determination. Its only one of those bookes, where from begin to end you may cry or snicker. I garuntee when you start to peruse, you won't have any desire to stop till you have perused the whole book.

Renaissance Food Essays - Breads, Baking, Bread, World Cuisine

Renaissance Food You are the proprietor of an enormous boat. You sail the world over and exchange products with different nations. A French financial specialist has consented to pay for your next outing if you can bring back a benefit and, ideally, merchandise that he can offer to neighborhood shippers. On the off chance that in any capacity whatsoever you don't come back with a benefit, he has the privilege to pull out of the arrangement, and you'll be stuck paying for everything. Prior to you sail from your homeport in Lisbon, Portugal, you should make a few significant choices about how to get ready for your excursion and what course to take. On the off chance that you succeed, you will be very affluent and will solidify your notoriety as a flavor dealer, guaranteeing that progressively rich financial specialists come your direction. Be that as it may, in the event that you fall flat, you may fail and lose your boat, also ruin your notoriety. Food and flavors of the Renaissance were the product of adventurers' work. Through investigation and exchange, strange and fascinating nourishments local to recently discovered domains turned out to be generally exchanged products. What's more new ways were found to utilize effectively basic staples, and the quantity of flavors went from a couple to a couple hundred. The Renaissance was a period of extraordinary disclosure, and new nourishments were one of them. During the Renaissance, various locales of Europe had nourishments that were progressively normal to them and less regular to different territories. Around the coast fish was the food of decision. Herring and cod were predominant in the north, and in the south sardines, anchovies, and fish were among the more ordinarily devoured fish1. Then again cows and other household creatures were progressively basic around inland areas. Dairy animals, sheep, and goats were among the most generally raised residential creatures. As meat the vast majority of these creatures were eaten when they were youthful as veal, sheep, and kid2. Of the all the nourishments that were basic all through all of Europe bread and grain were by a long shot the most widely recognized. Laborers and privileged people the same devoured bread. The rich ate white bread made of refined wheat flour3. Where as the poor ate darker breads and level bread since they were a lot cheaper4. In England rolls turned out to be extremely well known. Grains, for example, polenta and oats were additionally an all around devoured staple. Of all the numerous nourishments during the Renaissance nourishments of the bread bunch were among the most widely recognized. They were definitely not truth be told, exceptionally modest yet were sound. The creation of bread was profoundly directed during the renaissance5. From the start, rules were forced upon cooks from the higher specialists. Gathering the bread cooks was just a progressively productive way of guaranteeing that they kept the guidelines. As neighborhood economies grew, be that as it may, these associations started to go off all alone. Gatherings started to figure their own guidelines to more readily benefit from their status in the open eating routine. A few types of general wellbeing guidelines have without a doubt been around since the beginning of urbanization. For pastry specialists, the most straightforward standards to force were those with respect to loads and costs. Necessities on bread costs, quality, weight, and newness have been reported to a long time before even the renaissance6. For the most part, be that as it may, guidelines were implemented at the nearby level. Measures differed from town to town as per grain accessibility and tastes. For model, the Winchester Assize of 1203 expressed that white bread made in our city of Winchester will gauge thirty shillings, yet dark bread sixty-five shillings7. The most boundless guideline was the Assize of Bread. This English law made in 1266 endeavored to normalize the different neighborhood policies8. The Assize guided pastry specialists to make a typical load of bread known as a penny portion. Be that as it may, the portion could shift in weight, and therefore cost, as indicated by the sort of flour utilized. the white portion was produced using the best white flour accessible. The wheaten portion was coarser, and gauged half so much. family portions were roughly twofold the weight of white portions, produced using unbolted flour9. Despite the fact that the assize of bread made a great endeavor, bread loads were conflictingly founded on the going nearby pace of grain, and loads varied all through the nation. The Judgment of the Pillary was a law illuminating systems to explore and rebuff offenders10. In times of starvation or grain deficiencies, specialists had the ability to take over cooks and power them to work at beneath showcase rates11. Pastry specialists in this circumstance were not permitted to raise costs despite the fact that their fixings were increasingly costly. Now and again bread was just taken from them to take care of the town. For instance,

Society (Immigration) U.S Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Society (Immigration) U.S - Movie Review Example Avalon’s venture starts with a clean Jewish family, bound up with solid family ties and connection for pretty much every explanation like love, regard, care and honesty. (Gustafson, 2004) Krachinsky’s tribe moved to America and settled in Baltimore in 1914 with expectations and soul to procure joy and congruity, needed to encounter the marvels of America and it boundless prospects yet lamentably they confronted terrible changes in their solid family organize and not, at this point stayed merciful about their profound customary roots. They increased into ages and got accomplishment in their monetary statuses however confronted some sad issues when their second and third era moved away from family bouncing and sought after for American belief system. Krachinsky brought along their fine social, conventional and strict qualities which were later dissolved by the solid social powers and were supplanted by the modernize American Culture. (Paul Haspel, 2008) The story spins ar ound three primary changes that the family endured, right off the bat when the family begun moving to rural areas, Secondly Levinson accentuated on the social affair with the more distant families on uncommon days like thanksgiving or church days, was not, at this point rehearsed or partook in together on a long supper table actually, step by step contracted to little tables after the appearance of TV, Third and the central matter was that the succeeding age began supplanting their family names. The young was driven gradually and continuously into social osmosis where they overlooked their foundations and conventional practices and ran for the appeal that the American Society conveys. The spotlight of quick pace American life has consistently pulled in individuals paying little mind to their convictions. This is the thing that dazzled Sam when he previously stepped in America and saw the greatest and most brilliant festivals and he understood that he settled on the correct choice. L ater he was refuted when he encountered the brutal perspectives from his own child and his better half. Levinson has splendidly envisioned the age hole with every one of its parts like adjustment of new mechanical progressions, redesigning ways of life by moving to rural areas and doing a desk occupations, substitution of their own sir names and keeping American names. (Haspel, 2008) The detoriation of social legacy affected and harmed Sam step by step and at last when he at last observed his grandson visiting him in old home. It is pretty much all migrants who face such issues like language distinction, strict contrast and all in all shading contrasts. Whatever the image, media and Hollywood presents, the issues that outsiders from all around the globe face stays there however they have no immediate method to promote it in this way the world acknowledge the image which is perfectly painted by the American media that how workers have effectively achieved in America, overlooking the way that they have relinquished their valuable standards as far as their ethical, strict and social qualities to get this materialistic improvement throughout everyday life. There is no uncertainty that American land is appealling, loaded with glamour and glitz and yet it intensely needs family life and order of human life which can never lose its embodiment regardless of the amount we advance and accomplish in our life. Levinson built up an amazing piece with a

How to Find Proposal Essay Samples

How to Find Proposal Essay SamplesThere are many different ways to generate a good proposal essay. The question is, which one should you use? Following are a few sample proposals in the simplest of English and in very basic language.Simple proposal examples are very common in the high school setting and the most popular idea submission. This type of sample essay is much easier to complete and include in an average proposal than more complex ideas or concepts. These types of examples are also very easy to copy if you want to create a small sample portfolio that you can take with you on the job hunt. However, even though this is the most traditional idea submission, it's probably not the best one for your initial contact.Business school applications. Business schools usually have a lot of different sections to consider when ranking applicants. This helps a prospective student who has an idea for an extremely unique concept to show off the proper way to write a good proposal. However, t his also makes the typical proposal very difficult to follow, especially for a high school student. Even though the standard template can sometimes be followed, in this case, the extra details can get messy and quite impossible to follow.General idea samples. Common examples include ideas for how to bring unique ideas to life. Because it can be so hard to find these ideas, a lot of people end up duplicating what someone else has already done.Creative outline samples. Writing an outline is difficult enough when you're just working on a simple project, but when you need to come up with a creative outline, things can get trickier.Professional advisor samples. For a college student trying to get an internship, this is an essential element of their professional resume. In order to make the most of this section, a student will want to write a very comprehensive proposal that includes a lot of details.Short paragraphs are the key. Even though most students know that long and detailed speec hes are bad, most students don't actually learn the proper format for such an introduction. There are lots of different ways to do this, but the easiest way to achieve this is to break each idea down into several paragraphs and then present them as a block of text.The best way to learn about the different types of essay samples is to find a sample for each style of essay. The process is often more difficult than what students may think, but once they learn the proper way to go about writing a proposal, they will find the experience to be very enjoyable.

Society, Family, Catharsis Male Protagonists in ‘All My Sons’ and ‘The Cement Garden’ - Literature Essay Samples

Ian McEwan’s controversial, macabre bildungsroman, ‘The Cement Garden’, and Arthur Miller’s Ibsen-inspired domestic tragedy, â€Å"All My Sons†, both profoundly explore societal and familial demands and expectations laid upon men in these epochs-1946 and 1978 respectively. Aristotle’s definition of an ideal protagonist is â€Å"a man who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty†¦ [and] is highly renowned and prosperous- a personage like Oedipus†[1]. Subsequently, corrupt businessman Joe Keller in ‘All My Sons’ and confused adolescent, Jack in ‘The Cement Garden’ are identified as the protagonists rather than the other male leads (Joe’s son Chris and Jack’s estranged brother, Tom). They fulfill these criteria as a result of their shared hamartia- a hubristic nature, defining themselves by their fundamental masc uline desires for financial power and success, sexuality and status- which is the catalyst to their downfalls and has a cathartic purging effect on the audience. Ultimately, in both these pieces of notable, postmodern literature, the characters’ protracted struggle with their own identities comes to a cataclysmic ending following the denouements. Joe and Jack’s identities teeter precariously on the fact that they are top of their familial hierarchies. Like other men of his era, Joe is not only expected to support his family as breadwinner, but also his country while at war; as said by Miller himself, â€Å"All my Sons is a realistic play illustrating the theme that a man must recognise his ethical responsibility to the world outside his home as well as in his own home†[2]. Despite this overwhelming pressure for wealth and security being self-inflicted, he refuses to take responsibility for the consequences and blames his wife, Kate, for his own actions. In act t hree, he says â€Å"You wanted money, so I made money. What must I be forgive? You wanted money, didnt you?†[3]. Repetition of the word â€Å"money† highlights his primary focus, but the cacophonous sound foreshadows the effect his obsession will have and, although perhaps subconsciously, he is aware of this. Furthermore, his poor grammar not only implies that he is rushing amidst the height of emotional intensity, but also that he is uneducated both intellectually and socially, broadening the explanation for his desperate attempts for validation. This is reiterated by his rhetorical question and inability to appreciate that Kate is covering for him- he lacks the intelligence to recognise the error of his crimes. In his eyes, not achieving the goals he has set himself inevitably means failure as a man; so blaming her is a form of protection, preservation and a way to keep the possibility of the broken American dream alive. Although his actions may initially appear narc issistic and selfish, it could be argued that his aspirations for him and his family are his primary motives. He is willing to tarnish his reputation and live with guilt for his family’s benefit. Bosley Crowther expressed his agreement with this opinion in response to Edward G. Robinson’s portrayal of Joe Keller in the 1948 movie adaptation, stating he presented â€Å"a little tough guy who has a softer side†¦ [who is] tender and considerate in the presence of those he loves†. However, it wasn’t these values that were passed on to his son, but rather his greed. Chris says earlier in act one â€Å"If I have to grub for money all day long at least at evening I want it beautiful. I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to.† The repetition of ‘I want’ indicates his self-righteous nature, developed from an expectation to be the leader and thus most important and it is evident from the mistakes in sentence form that he too is equally uninformed. Ultimately, Arthur Miller is describing two very similar men and the fact that Chris is in many ways a reflection of his father, suggests that the way Chris is portrayed reveals Joe’s often well-hidden true character. The pastiche nuclear family wistfully constructed by the four siblings in ‘The Cement Garden’, is an insight into the perception of what was considered to be a desired family unit and the responsibility of men within it in the 1970s. Despite being set approximately three decades after ‘All My Sons’ and during a fundamental stage in social progression, the characters strive to assume stereotypical roles, naively emulating the unrealistic families in movies and television shows such as ‘The Brady Bunch’ and ‘Little House on the Prairie’. Seventeen-year-old Julie takes on the position of housewife while fourteen-year-old Jack becomes the surrogate father who protect s his younger siblings, thirteen-year-old Sue and six-year-old Tom, who act as their children. It is this role that comes to be his main focus for development; reflecting the social psychological structures suggested by Erik Erikson, Jack is at the stage of his maturation where he is questioning who he is and the position he wants to have in society. Because of his patriarchal mentality, he expects that as the father figure, he will be head of the family, however Julie, whose age gives her clout, initially proves him wrong. Evidently, unlike in ‘All My Son’s’, there is a power struggle between the male and female lead, but Jack’s determination and need to be the ‘alpha male’ leads to him ultimately having power over his three siblings, which they resent- as indicated by Julie who says â€Å"he wants to be one of the family, you know, big smart daddy. He’s getting on my nerves†. He strives solely for this outcome from the opening of the book, highlighted first by the pride he experiences to walk â€Å"in front followed by†¦ [his] father† rather than following like before†, and it is seemingly this aim that defines Jack’s identity. However, the end of the novel sees his willingness to coalesce his newfound power with infantilization as he takes the submissive role while consummating his incestuous relationship with his sister. As Jeannette Baxter points out â€Å"this act of filial desire is couched in vertiginous terms†[4] which suggest his â€Å"uncertainty of knowing how to negotiate trauma†[5]; Jack’s description of feeling â€Å"weightless, tumbling through space with no sense of up or down† supports this. Furthermore, the sibilance in this section, such as â€Å"soft shudder† juxtaposes sensuality with an unsettling ambiance. Combined, these two linguistic features identify Jack as a confused individual who is merely forceful and dominant on th e surface. With his â€Å"lips around Julie’s nipple†, he makes himself vulnerable and reverts to sexually twisted infantile behavior and childlike lack of conscientiousness, whilst emancipating him of the pressures of male gender stereotypes. Due to their familial status, both protagonists are derogatory and repressive in their actions towards women. Joe is described as â€Å"a man among men†- he sees men only as his equals and his subjugation of women limits them to the domestic arena and community. This treatment was, for the most part, universal as indicated by the surfacing of works such as Betty Friedan’s ‘Feminine Mystique’. It was, therefore, something the audience would have related to, which is necessary as tragedy is defined partly as â€Å"an imitation of an action that is serious†[6], therefore it must be something in existence. Maltreatment is made abundantly clear by the fact that Kate continuously refers to Joe by name but he does not reciprocate this respect, and Kate being titled â€Å"mother† in the stage directions. They also describe her as â€Å"a woman of uncontrollable inspirations and an overwhelming capacity for love†- using a word in the semantic field of hysteria, â€Å"uncontrollable† not only plays into the Antediluvian opinion that women are unstable and inferior, but also suggests that as a women she should be controlled by her significant other, Joe. The emotive aposiopesis in Keller’s â€Å"commanding outburst† ending in the threatening phrase â€Å"I better –† highlights his masculine authority and the way it silences those he disparages. The depictions of females in the play and in ‘The Cement Garden’ are vital to understand the males, as male identities only exist when compared to women. Kate’s weaknesses make Joe appear both physically and emotionally stronger. He is a â€Å"heavy man of stolid mind and bui ld†, who has come to terms with the death of his son (unlike his wife). Furthermore, comments Kate makes throughout the play provide insight into the misogynistic and judgmental views of Joe, who has likely seeded the ideas. For instance, the way she speaks about Ann’s appearance, such as I think her nose got longer and You gained a little weight, didnt you, darling?† suggests that Joe has potentially said these things about her own appearance and she is in fact mirroring them, hence implying Joe’s manipulative and subtly abusive temperament. Applying the same theory would, however, suggest that he too has a nurturing and affectionate side, implied by the typical term of endearment- â€Å"darling†, but he is ostensibly depicted otherwise as a proudly oppressive tyrant. Jack’s attitude towards female ‘inferiority’ is similar to that of Joe, he expects them to be subservient; demonstrated by his disgust towards his brother dressing as a girl. This is recognised by Julie who tells him, â€Å"girls can wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because its okay to be a boy; for girls its like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading.† Furthermore, his sexual objectification of his sisters and disregard for anything but their physical attributes is, assumedly, the way he would view women in general. Only five paragraphs into the book Jack is uncomfortably describing the â€Å"skin clung tightly to her [Sue’s] rib cage†, â€Å"muscular ridge of her buttocks† and â€Å"little flower of flesh† and soon â€Å"the soft line† of Julie’s mouth. â€Å"Little†, â€Å"flower† and â€Å"soft† conspicuously confirm Jack’s supposition for women to be innocent and pure yet weak. Defining his sisters using a series of synecdoches gives a s ense of depersonalisation and divulges his newfound hyperfocus on the female body; manifestly, his burgeoning sexuality is a defining feature of his character. Ultimately, ‘The Cement Garden’ is an odyssey that revolves around Jack’s developing identity throughout his arduous ascent into manhood and subsequent discovery of his sexuality. Lacking a male role model, Jack fails to pass the phallic stages of development as described by Freud and Kohlberg, and consequently he has a dangerously radical Oedipus complex. The small impact his despotic father has on him was the abuse and manipulation of women: Jack describes how he â€Å"knew how to use his pipe against her†. His lack of guidance, combined with the resent he feels towards his father (stressed by the plosives surrounding his description) is what fuels his need for superiority and thus degradation of women. The dogged desires of the protagonists to emulate what they perceive as masculine values lead t hem to make mistakes (essentially murder and incest) and become anti-heroes. Like the majority of Miller’s protagonists, following Aristotelian principles, Joe’s hamartia and hubristic nature causes his demise but unlike John Proctor, Eddie Carbone or even Willy Loman, his suicide is selfish, rather than altruistic martyrdom. It is true to his character that he would sooner capitulate to his sins than atone and reach redemption. Cynically, Joe believes the masculine values he strives for to be unobtainable. He will never fulfill the moral responsibilities thrust upon him as identified by the biblical reference â€Å"a man can’t be Jesus in this world’; which is his justification for abandoning his cause. How can one be something that does not exist? Comparing himself to â€Å"Jesus† shows he seeks solace in a higher power and is somewhat vulnerable, a characteristic he believes to be undesirable due to its feminine connotations. His name, Keller i s a pun for ‘killer’, marking him as guilty from the outset, despite his continuous attempts to conceal this. The moment â€Å"a shot is heard in the house†, marks Joe’s disillusionment and is in fact him coming to terms with his identity in an exceedingly sinister manner. This anagnorisis moment would have shocked the audience and been a moment of manipulated tension- Miller said, â€Å"the audience sat in silence†¦ and gasped when they should have, and I tasted that power†¦ which is to know that by ones invention a mass of strangers has been publicly transfixed†[7]. However, being a tragedy of the common man and the subtle championing of the underdog makes it difficult to look so negatively upon Joe. Both works evoke a catharsis in the audience and reader, intensified by the somewhat relatable situations the protagonists are in, making their demises all the more disturbing and painful to watch. The falsehood of the concept of masculinity is portrayed- striving to become a strong and respected man has detached Joe from reality and leads to a lack of morality; accordingly his identity within society is ironically demeaned despite this being the opposite of his intentions. As ‘All My Sons’ created controversy among a 1950s audience with the honest depiction of the futility of the American dream, ‘The Cement Garden’ did with incest and sexual self-discovery- â€Å"the novel skillfully inverts the traditional maturation narratives†- and Jack’s hastened rites of passage prove immensely destructive- in this way it is an urbanised adaptation of William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’. Like most young adults, Jack has long aspired to be independent and virile. However, â€Å"given that instant adulthood they all crave†[8] too quickly proves traumatizing and harmful. He develops such a degree of hegemonic masculinity in the space of days that he loses sense of his own identity, in fact it bifurcates- symbolized in the line, â€Å"I stared at my own image till it began to disassociate itself and paralyse me with its look†. The pronoun â€Å"it† underlines his dissatisfaction with himself and longing to be different. Additionally, his distressed questioning of his own character leads him into a spiral of immoral choices, culminating in his sexual relationship with his sister, and a constant feeling of unrecognised shame. The repeating nightmares of his mother reprimanding him for his serial masturbating, is a clear indication of this, in a sense it is him punishing himself. The taboo emotions and experiences described, although often hyperbolic, are relatable; as argued by William Sutcliffe who stated that the novel elicits â€Å"a degree of self-excavation that exposes seams one did not expect to find when the digging began†[9]. However, the unwillingness of many to admit to these ideas to themselves, let alone others, led the book to initially be banned in many schools and receive equally negative responses as positive. Jack is on the cusp of manhood but â€Å"torn between the impulses to progress and regress†[10] he makes mistakes and, much to the repulsion of the reader, sexually objectifies his sister, henceforth poignantly imprisoning him in a state of immaturity. In spite of the fact that Jack and Joe have internalized idealisms of the perfect family and American dream, they are driven by their innate instincts and pseudo masculinity, which is the catalyst for their downfalls and termination of their ceaseless desires. Evidently, both Ian McEwan and Arthur Miller focus predominantly on character analysis and development rather than plot in ‘The Cement Garden’ and ‘All My Sons’. The identity of each male protagonist, Jack and Joe, is explored and deconstructed; at the core they are defined by a primitive desire for sexual dominance, a definitive God complex a nd inability to accept that they are not all powerful. However, the pursuit of these ‘masculine’ attributes leads to their ultimate demise; Joe is taken from a guiltless state of innocence to intense remorse, by nature of his sentient being, pushing him to commit suicide, whereas Jack’s inability to see the indecorousness of his relationship with his sister leads Derek to call the police. Characterising the two by their flaws rather than strengths could be intended to encourage self-reflection in the audience and reader, thus bettering oneself by breaking the shell of superficiality so many rely on to create a favourable identity rather than a real one. The final note is â€Å"you can be better!† Bibliography 1. Aristotle translated by S.H. Butcher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011) 2. Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972) 3. Bosley Crowther, Film Review (The New York Times,1948) 4. Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 5. Linda Napikoski, The Feminine Mystique (About Education, 2016) The Book That Sparked Womens Liberation 6. Sunday Times, The Cement Garden, blurb 7. William Sutcliffe, Cracking Up (The Guardian, 2005) 8. Sam Mills, Sam Millss top 10 books about the darker side of adolescence (The Guardian, 2006) 9. Ã…  Ãƒ ¡rka Smejkalovà ¡ supervised by Mgr. Lucie PodrouÃ… ¾kovà ¡, PhD, Characters’ Transformations in Ian Mcewan’s Works (Brno 2007) 10. Wikipedia (2016) The Cement Garden [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cement_Garden] 11. Wikipedia (2016) All My Sons [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_My_Sons] [1] Aristotle translated by S.H. But cher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011), section 2 Part XIII [2] Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972), page 11 [3] Bosley Crowther, Film Review (The New York Times,1948) [4] Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 [5] Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 [6] Aristotle translated by S.H. Butcher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011), section 1 Part VI [7] Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972) [8] Sunday Times, The Cement Garden, blurb [9] William Sutcliffe, Cracking Up (The Guardian, 2005) [10] Sam Mills, Sam Millss top 10 books about the darker side of adolescence (The Guardian, 2006)

Anthropology Variation in Skin Color - 2669 Words

Old Dominion University Human Adaptation and Variation Alyssa Carlson 01005378 ANTR 110S_10772 Dr. Elva Smith 24 November 2014 Human biological diversity encompasses much more than the characteristics seen by the naked eye. Our species walked new and unique paths to arrive at our present existence. Our journey resulted in the achievement of many innovative and unique physiognomies allowing us to survive and reproduce. What characteristics have our species evolved and which most greatly shaped our evolution by conferring additional advantages in survivorship? Although there are many remarkable characteristics that have evolved the most striking†¦show more content†¦We can acclimatize to a wide range of temperature and humidity. The nature of skin color distribution suggests an association with environmental factors varying with latitude. The association between dark skin color and a tropical habitat existed throughout the Old World due to the majority of the world’s dark skinned population residing in the tropics. The tropics are 23 degrees north and south of the equator. Huma ns and their ancestors have been inhabitants of that land for thousands of years until migration to all corners of the globe started to occur. As migration continued so did natural selection. Outside of the tropics, in locations such as the poles, skin variation is different due to the lack of sun and is quite obvious. Adaptation to lighter pigmentation may have been driven by a need to increase UV absorption for vitamin D synthesis at high latitudes. In addition, the pigment of the poles inhabitants did not change rapidly. Instead it was done by becoming acclimated to the environment. Acclimatization is another kind of physiological response to environmental conditions, and it can be short-term, long-term, or even permanent. Acclimatization is the physiological responses to changes in the environment that occur during an individual’s lifetime. These responses to environmental factors are partially influenced by genes, but some can also be affected by the duration and sever ity of the exposure. AfterShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Evolution of Human Skin Color1019 Words   |  5 Pagesworld, humans have significantly changed overtime and have developed all sorts of diverse characteristics. One noticeable characteristic of human beings is the variation of skin color. Skin color has been used to identify, classify, and verify the variation that exists in the human population around the world. How did such a distinct variation arise and how did it play into adaptation? I’ve often heard that â€Å"humans came from monkeys,† or something similar. 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