Essay on The Psychology of Homosexuality - 2163 Words

For many years, psychologists described homosexuality as a disorder or a treatable complex. Recently, homosexuality was removed from the DSM and is no longer considered a disorder. The gay population is no longer treated as sick but accepted as a diverse set of individuals. The many distinguishing attributes and characteristics of a gay or lesbian individual are considered to be personality attributes. Many psychologists have analyzed homosexual individuals throughout the history of psychology and attempted to explain their behavior. Freud considered a homosexual individual to have suffered from the Oedipus complex during childhood without proper identification with the opposite sex parent. Lesbians tend to have a negative attitude†¦show more content†¦The lesbian desires her mother and to become a male herself, she disowns her vagina and wishes for a penis (Podder De, 2011). The child hides the incestuous desire by manifesting it in another same sex individual. Without proper resolution of this stage, the child would begin to identify with the parent of the opposite sex and not of the same sex. â€Å"The unconscious dynamics of the gender role in male homosexuals was found to be feminine with an aspiration to be masculine at times, while female homosexuals were found to be more masculine† (Podder De, 2011). Some believe that a child can be distinguished as a homo sexual early on in development by the behaviors exhibited by the child. Children, who exhibit deviant behavior of gender roles, for example girly boys or tomboys, are at a higher risk of becoming a homosexual later in life (Podder De, 2011). Personality development is critical in childhood. The gay personality may be determined during a child’s early years of development or throughout the individual’s life. A lesbian or gay individual like heterosexual individuals are influenced by family, peers, and society. Family structure, social factors, and cognition and conditioning help the development of sexual identity (Kwiatkowski, 2010). The child while living with the parents, adopt many of the customs and values the parents emphasize. The parents may stress the importance of gender roles in the household which the child may learn toShow MoreRelatedFilipino Psychology: on Spirituality, Homosexuality, Psychopathology2302 Words   |  10 Pageshis life. Moreover, spirituality is inherent within us, and to ignore this spirituality would mean one would also disregard the inherent energy that he possesses. ******************************************************************* On Filipino Homosexuality Pagkababae and Pagkalalaki The differences between men and women are attributed by what society dictates them to be. Here in the Philippines, society, especially the family, plays a vital role in the lives of the people. As what was discussedRead MorePsychology : Humanistic And Psychodynamic Approach On The Dsm, And Going A Bit Into Homosexuality1111 Words   |  5 Pagesareas of approaches such as humanistic and psychodynamic along with reading the DSM, and going a bit into homosexuality. In my findings I put together a bit of information regarding the question, to the best of my knowledge. I mention why I prefer the humanistic approach. Also I was able to local a copy of the DSM and describe about the disorder I found interesting. Last, I talked about homosexuality since there a lot of controversy regarding this topic, I stayed with what I felt was important to answerRead MoreIs Homosexuality A Mental Disorder?1500 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has been one of the most controversial subjects around t he world for thousands of years. Being a homosexual has been seen as taboo, morally wrong, and just abnormal. Scientists have questioned the mental health status of those who proclaim themselves as being homosexual, and have even gone as far to say that homosexuality is a mental disorder. Until 1974, being homosexual was deemed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a mental illness, and classifiedRead MoreHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Psychology of Sexual Orientations Throughout the history of humans, people have been having sex. It’s obviously necessary for the continuation of humans as a species. But it definitely hasn’t been for just reproductive purposes. People have been engaging in same-gender sex for probably as long as humans have been around. However, the terms we think of today when we think of different sexual orientations didn’t get coined until the 19th and 20th centuries. And with these terms came huge stigmaRead MoreHomosexuality From A Biological Perspective1118 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexuality from a Biological Perspective Justice X. Johnson Angelo State University Abstract Homosexuality has been around for centuries, maybe even since the beginning of human existence. Many individuals question why some people are gay and why others are not. Those that question humanity ask what exactly makes a person become attracted to the same sex and whether or not it is nature or nurture. There are three points to argue that homosexuality is natural and not byRead MoreWhy There Is Conflict Over The Dsm 51432 Words   |  6 Pagessince it has been used. It was first published in 1952 there have been five revisions, gradually including more mental health disorders some has been removed and are no longer considered to be mental health disorders, and the most notably being homosexuality. (DSM-11) There are many reasons why there are conflicts concerning the DSM. The reliability and validity of the DSM has caused concerns. In the DSM, diagnoses are based on the signs and symptoms rather than the cause of mental health problemsRead MoreThe Sexual Identity Of Homosexua l People1678 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween two humans. As humans, we must come to the realization that we are all equal, and that you are born gay; furthermore, you don’t have a choice. In the past few hundred years homosexuality has been seen as not being a matter of choice. In the 1960’s the term homophobia arose as a term that meant a fear of homosexuality. During this decade, new forms of love and thinking came into play, which also encouraged homosexual people to freely love as well. But when the summer of love ended, articles beganRead MoreWhy Are People Gay?967 Words   |  4 Pages Not just a century ago, there was an act that was considered heresy; homosexuality, a different side of sexuality found in all recesses of history. Humans are not the only ones with evidence of homosexuality in their species, it has long been debated whether it was formed from being genetically born that way or nurtured. The long found history has been only puzzling as the two sides of the spectrum in views, and only being publicly accepted in the 1940s. In Natasha Tracy’s article â€Å"Why AreRead MoreEssay about Homosexuality: Nature or Nurture?1275 Words   |  6 Pages Homosexuality is one of the most hot button issues in America today. Everyone has an opinion, some based on religious views others based on other external factors. People are afraid to talk about it because it’s something we don’t actually fully comprehend. This is because it scares people to admit they don’t know something. We need to find out if being a homosexual is something we ar e born with, or is it something we learn over time. Review of the Research There have been many research studies

Story of an Hour Literary Analysis - 1990 Words

Bettina Golden ENG125 – Introduction to Literature Professor Joan Golding 10-16-2011 â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber both captured my interest from the very beginning. These short stories represent gender roles and marriage. They both are about married couples with controlling mates. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is about a young married woman and how she reacts to the news of her husband dying in a train accident. The story takes place in the home of the young woman, Mrs. Mallard. Several things took place within an hour but â€Å"the joy that kills† (Clugston, 2010) made me more interest to find out what was happening to Mrs. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard died of â€Å"joy that kills†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In paragraph 16, we learn Mrs. Mallard’s first name, Louise. According to Cummings, the author suggested that the young woman lacked individuality and identity until her husband’s reported death liberated her (Cummings, 2010). She regaine d her own identity while she was alone in her room. There is irony in Mrs. Mallard’s first name, Louise; Louise is the feminine form of the masculine Louis. So even when Mrs. Mallard takes back her identity, it is in part a male identity (as cited in Cummings, 2010). The crisis and climax of the story was the moment Mrs. Mallard husband walked in and she died. â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills† (Clugston, 2010). Her joy was from thinking her husband was dead and that she was going to be free. â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is a short story about the dreams of a henpecked husband, Walter Mitty. The story takes place in the late 1930s in a car traveling to Waterbury, Connecticut, and in the city itself in the area of Main Street (Cummings, 2010). Walter is an ordinary person who daydreams about playing the hero, saving lives, navigating enemy territory, and proving his masculinity. The me ntal fantasies and daydreams are his way of escaping from his controlling wife. Mann suggests that Mitty seeks freedom through his daydreams. That is, in his daydreams Mitty seeks not just freedom â€Å"from the petty details of living† (Mann, 1982), but freedom from death. In Mitty’s firstShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour Literary Analysis1294 Words   |  6 PagesMrs Mallard, a kind, older lady, had a severe heart disease. The element of surprise, if not executed right, could kill her. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin the element of time and surprise create an element that other authors struggle to do. In this paper, I will discuss the tone of the way the family broke the news of Mr. Mallard s death to Mrs. Mallard. Whether the news was bad or good, how it was broken to Mrs. Mallard could have killed her. In the end it did The emotions in the houseRead MoreStory Of An Hour Literary Analysis934 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage Doesn’t Always Mean Love in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin is the tragic story of a woman whose newfound position as a widow gives her strength. She develops a sense of freedom as she embraces her husbands death as an opportunity to establish her own identity. The tragedy is when her newfound identity gets stripped away as the appearance of her husband reveals that he is still alive. The disappointment from this tragedy kills her with a heart attack symbolizingRead MoreStory Of An Hour Literary Analysis824 Words   |  4 Pagesis heartbreaking and rather unimaginable. â€Å"Sorry to say but your husband has died due to an accident.† No one wants to hear those words or go through the painful time. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin’s, the death of her husband meant freedom and happiness. Chopin’s uses a great deal of symbolism throughout the story in order to depict the theme of freedom and happiness. Mrs. Mallard is the main character whom of which also known as Louise and she is married to Brently Mallard. Mrs. MallardsRead MoreStory Of An Hour Literary Analysis844 Words   |  4 Pages The Contract â€Å"The Story of an Hour† depicts the telling of a spouse’s death, and how the wife reacted to the information. Marriage to most in the 21st century is how one shows the greatest extent of their love. However, to myself marriage is nothing but a piece of paper people sign, that gives another a right to half their earnings. Marriage does not quantify love. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows that although the main character was married, it was not what equated her love or happiness. MarriageRead More Literary Analysis: the Story of an Hour Essays645 Words   |  3 PagesWhen first reading Kate Chopins Story of an Hour, one may not typically be surprised at its ending, write it off as one of those creepy back from the dead horror stories and forget about it. There is more to this story than simply horror. The author is making a very strong, however subtle, statement towards humanity and womens rights. Through subtle symbolism, Kate Chopin shows how marriage is mo re like a confining role of servitude rather than a loving partnership. Mr. Mallard is assumedRead MoreLiterary Analysis- the Story of an Hour Essay1832 Words   |  8 PagesRide of Her Life In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† (1894), Kate Chopin presents a woman in the last hour of her life and the emotional and psychological changes that occur upon hearing of her husbands’ death. Chopin sends the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, on a roller coaster of emotional up’s and down’s, and self-actualizing psychological hairpin turns, which is all set in motion by the news of her husband’s death. This extreme â€Å"joy ride† comes to an abrupt and ultimately final halt for Mrs. Mallard whenRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin856 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1302 11 November 2017 Literary Analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour is a short story written by Kate Chopin which was published in 1894 as â€Å"The Dream of an Hour† in Vogue. When the word marriage hits our mind, we think it as a lasting relationship. Marriage is a commitment between two individuals bonded by holy ceremony. The story of an hour presents the side of marriage which is usually unheard. The main character of the story is Mrs. Louise Mallard. SheRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin Literary Analysis1432 Words   |  6 PagesMaking a literary analysis involves writing an argumentative analysis about a particular literature. The analyst is supposed to carefully read the literature and better understand the contents so as to come up with legal analysis. It requires some summary, but it is not a report about the book or the story. It is important in making the reader to understand the message in the book as well as the improvements necessary the literature. It is also important in understanding how a p articular author articulatesRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis1297 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily tells the story of women who face isolation and struggle with their own terms of freedom upon the death of a male figure in their life. Louise and Emily come from different time periods, backgrounds, and have different experiences, yet both share commonality in that they have let themselves be affected by the unrealistic expectations placed on them as traditional ladies. Both of these characters are commonly misconstruedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour 1274 Words   |  6 PagesHaley Morrow Mrs. Crook AP English 25 Sept. 2015 Feminist Literary Theory in The Story of an Hour Women are no stranger to a socially constrained lifestyle and society, especially in the late 1800’s. Women were believed to live a certain way, fulfill certain roles and duties in the household, and to be extremely fragile and weak. This type of culture still exists today but not to the extreme that it once was. Kate Chopin, however, not afraid speak out against the implications of society breaks free

Public Speaking Essay Free Essays

Before this course I was unaware of how significant non-verbal communication was to public speaking. According to Genera, â€Å"93 percent of message reception in public speaking comes from nonverbal communication† (Genera, 2010). Facial expressions and body language are what most people think of when discussing non-verbal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, eye contact, lighting and gestures are also included. When I have to write a speech or speak in front of a group in the future there are many things that I will do differently. I have learned that are many steps that need to be followed in order to have a successful speech. Analyzing the audience, visual aids as well as peer and expert estimation are Just a few of the topics discussed In this course that I will carry with me In the future. I have always had trouble with the writing process. This course has given me great steps to Incorporate Into my writing process. Whether It Is a public speech, personal conversation, or a research paper for another course, I have great tools in place to help me be successful. Going into this course I felt as though I had no strengths in regards to public speaking. After successfully completing this course my outlook has completely changed. I feel more confident in the writing process and being able to stand up in front of an audience. A few weaknesses that still need improvement are execution off speech as well as my nerves. I would like to be able to one day speak in front of an audience without any note cards. When I would do my weekly recordings I would have a billeted paper of the major topics I wanted to discuss to help trigger my memory. I feel that with more time to practice I wouldn’t require any note cards. My nerves and anxiety levels are a different story. I am a very shy and quiet person and having to speak In front of any size audience gets my anxiety levels rising. I have never spoken in front of a large audience because of these feelings. The first few assignments that we had to record ourselves I felt really uncomfortable. As the weeks went by I started to slowly feel more comfortable. I have learned many new strategies to help me be more prepared so that I won’t be so nervous. The article Effective Public Speaking: How to Overcome Nervousness stated that one way to help reduce the nervous feelings is to get experience. The author suggests volunteering as an announcer for other speakers will help a person get more comfortable in front of an audience which will help reduce the nervous feelings (Plum, 2009). Another tip found to be very helpful on the topic of nerves and Haynes was from Larry Tracey. He stated that the antidote to help overcome fear Is â€Å"Convert unknown to known. Exchanging the unknown Into known can easily be accomplished by doing lots of research and practice (Tracey, 2003). This course had me very anxious in the beginning. After only seven weeks I have absorbed so much Knowledge Tanat my anxiety levels nave reappear considerably. I am stall a little apprehensive but nowhere near as bad as before. I know that will the information that I have learned as well as the tools I have gained I will be successful no matter the situation. I am m ore confident in my writing ability as well as public speaking, thanks to this public speaking course. How to cite Public Speaking Essay, Essays

Inglenook Dairy and the Australian Dairy Industry

Question: Discuss about the Inglenook Dairy and the Australian Dairy Industry. Answer: Introduction The dairy industry is the third largest rural industry in the country after the wheat and beef. It is worth $13 billion with a gross value of $4 billion in farm gate alone. It is responsible for farming, manufacture and exportation of milk and dairy products. The industry houses more than 6,000 dairy farmers who produce approximately 9.7 billion litres of milk each year. Over 40,000 people are employed directly in the farms and factories with an additional 100,000 and more in indirect employment in services related to the industry(Dairy Australia, 2014).As one of the leading rural industries, dairy generates economic value to the regions in which the industries are located through downstream processing and value addition to dairy products. Most of the milk processing is done in the areas close to where milk is processed and thus it generates economic activity and creates employment. The industry is well developed across the temperate and subtropical regions of the country. The major milk producers are located in the south-east states where the manufacturing of long lasting products like cheese and milk powder is concentrated. Other smaller dairy industries are situated across the states within the country, producing high quality consumer products such as fresh milk, yoghurts, and a variety of cheese. These products are supplied to nearby towns and cities, while some is exported. Dairy processing There are two main production areas within the dairy industry(Datamonitor, 2000). First is the milk production in farms where farmers rear animals (cows, goats and sheep) for production milk. Second is the milk processing stage-this stage is responsible for ensuring that milk from production lasts long enough to reach the intended market. The objective is achieved through heat treatment of the milk and preparation of a range of milk products that can be stored for longer periods. In Australia, large-scale milk processors are owned by co-operatives belonging to dairy farmers. The processed milk and dairy products are sold in wholesale to distributors who then sell it to retailers and consumers. Processes involved in a milk plant include: Raw milk is received, filtered and checked for freshness and consistency All or part of the milk fat is separated for production of butter and cream, as well as to standardise milk for the market. Pasteurisation If required, the milk is homogenised and deodorised Packaging and cold storage Distribution Processing of butter involves the following procedure: Cream preparation Water emulsion, and destabilising and breaking down of fats Fat particles are aggregated and concentrated Formation of a stable emulsion Packaging, storage and distribution Cheese production Reception of milk, pre-treatment and standardisation Pasteurisation Addition of starter culture Coagulation Cutting and treatment of curd Extraction of whey Salting Ripening Packaging and distribution Milk powder Milk powder processing undergoes the following basic processes: Preheating of standardised milk Evaporation through spray drying Packaging, storage and distribution Distribution and marketing of milk products and processed milk is done through milk dealers. These are wholesalers, supermarkets and other retail chains. The dealers conduct marketing operations like procurement, transportation and delivery operations.Supermarkets take a major share of the distribution with about 54%. Other distributing firms are as well taking a huge portion of volumes in bottled or packaged milk from the processors. In addition, there are sub dealers and agent distributors. Structure of the intermediate market and their pricing power Milk production: Farms are perfect competition in nature as there is large number of farms, across different regions of Australia. Although the number is not infinitely large, products are similar for all the farms. Therefore, farms are mainly price taker. They have no such power of determining price. Farms only charge the market equilibrium price. Butter production: Monopolistic competition in nature with large number of butter manufacturing companies producing differentiated products. Butter is sold in different categories based on calorie value and tastes. As products are differentiated, producers have power to determine their product price. Cheese production: Cheese production industry is monopolistically competitors due to presence of significantly large number of cheese manufacturers. This market is monopolistically competitive as competition prevails although having distinguishing features of every brand. Mainly five types of cheese such as cheddar, semi hard, hard grating, fresh and mould are produced in Australian market (Dairy Australia, 2014). Companies bring differentiated products in these categories to compete with each other. Pricing power presents with some degree of market power. However, price rise is not possible often due to presence of close substitutes unless brand value is very high. Milk power processing: This industry also can be said monopolistic competitive as number of milk power producer is more than 30 in the Australian market. This industry product is categories into three categories such as whole milk power, skim milk powder and buttermilk powder (Dairy Australia, 2014). Therefore, product differentiation strategies used by the companies in order to possess some extent of market power to charge price greater than their marginal cost of production. Oligopolistic Nature of the Australian Dairy industry Similar to other businesspersons, milk dealers compete among themselves in prices and services, as well as in the quality, packaging and variety of the products they offer. They also compete through advertising and product promotion. Dealers in Australia however are trying to avoid direct price competition(Dairy Australia, 2014). The basic competition in the dairy industry has increased the degree of interdependence among firms. This is mainly in pricing decisions where the firms know that rivals will meet any price changes and that when the market price is reduced, the overall sales revenues will as well reduce for the distributors. Competition within the market is because there is a relatively small number of entities with a sizeable portion of the market. These dealers buy milk from co-operatives at about the same prices. In addition, the products are close substitutes of each other within the same variety, and their consumption is slightly inelastic to changes in price. Implications of the Market Structure Because of the above conditions, the firms in the dairy industry have to be aware of the activities of their rivals when making price decisions. Price reductions have a huge implication in the market and can end up reducing revenue for the entire market. It is only the small dealers who control a small portion of the market who can change their prices. Minor dealers know that the competitors will not challenge these changes in prices. In addition, retaliatory price reductions could be hazardous to the market and all the firms know the danger of this strategy(Karantininis Nilsson, 2007). If the prices are increased in the entire market, total revenues could also increase. However,individual firms are reluctant to increase their prices because of the fear that its rivals could not follow. This could be disastrous to a firm as it can end up losing sakes. Therefore, established dealers who know had better often restrain themselves in price competitions because of the fear that rivals may not cooperate or may even impose retaliatory prices(Karantininis Nilsson, 2007). This tendency of letting the prices be is not only observed in the dairy industry, but also in many other oligopolistic sectors of the Australian economy. Inglenooks Strategy Inglenook plans to verticallyintegrate its processing, distribution and marketing activities. Furthermore, it will differentiate and distribute its products according to the market needs. This step will give the company a competitive advantage over its rival who are non-integrated. The customers of the companys products will most likely choose its products because of lower costs, and better quality products that are tailor made for their needs. Integration of operational activities will ensure that the company will not rely on external suppliers. In this way, the company will face fewer disruptions in its activities and avoid disputes that are related with working with third party companies. Integrated milk processing and distribution means that inglenook will have a better control over its marketbecause it will now go around providers and distributors. The benefit of this is that it will be able to reduce its internal costs and will have better delivery of the differentiated products fit for individual needs of the markets. Shortages of critical elements will also be outdated. In addition, the company will have economies of scale the manufacturing process will be more efficient because of the vertical integration. Vertical integration of operations will however come at a cost to the company. Inglenook will need to invest a lot of capital in setting up processing plants and chains of distribution. More capital will go into research and development of differentiated products. These plants will have to keep running even in the low seasons to ensure efficiency and long run profit margins. This cost can be a threat to the long run profits. Opportunities to long run profits Vertical integration will reduce costs of operation through economies of scale. This will ensure that the company maximises profits in the long run. In addition, there will be fewer interruptions in production and the differentiated products will fetch more both in the local and in the foreign market. Vertical integration and product differentiation will involve many initial costs in setting up plants and distribution mechanisms, as well as in the development of new differentiated products. This may affect the profitability of the firm in future. However, this will be until the plants are efficient. Inglenook will have to conduct extensive market research to acquaint itself with the individual tastes and preferences of the market segments in which it intends to sell the differentiated products. The market research will ensure that it avoids mistakes that could lead to losses in production. Furthermore, the market research can open up other opportunities like price discrimination that will enable inglenook to maximise its profits further. References ABC Rural (2013) Milking the profits whos talking the cream? 10.05.2013 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-22/milk-wars/4639078 Chandan, R. C., In Kilara, A., In Shah, N. P. (2016).Dairy processing and quality assurance. Dairy Australia. (2003).The Dairy Australian: News for the manufacturing sector from Dairy Australia. Southbank, Vic: Dairy Australia. Dairy Australia (2012) Dairy 2012 Situation and Outlook Summary Report https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/Documents/Stats%20and%20markets/S%20and %20O/S%20and%20O%20May%202012/Situation%20%20Outlook%20Summary%20Report% 20FinalLR%20FINAL.pdf Dairy Australia. (2014).Australian dairy industry in focus. Datamonitor (Firm). (2000).Dairy in Australia. New York, NY: Datamonitor. Fulkerson, W. J., Doyle, P., Victoria. (2001).The Australian dairy industry. Melbourne: Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment. Hedlund, G. W., New York (State). (1964).Market structure, competition and regulation in the distribution of fluid milk. Albany?: Committee on Milk Marketing. Joskow, P. L. (January 01, 2010). Vertical integration.Antitrust Bulletin,55,3, 545-586. Karantininis, K., Nilsson, J. (2007).Vertical Markets and Cooperative Hierarchies: The Role of Cooperatives in the Agri-Food Industry. Dordrecht: Springer. Lee, Tim (2012) Milk Wars, ABC Landline, 06.08.2012 https://www.abc.net.au/landline/content/2012/s3561483.htm (Both the television program and the transcript of the program is avalaible) Mazzarol, Tim (2014) The role of co-operative enterprise in Australian agribusiness, The Conversation,19.01.2014 https://theconversation.com/the-role-of-co-operative-enterprise-in-australian-agribusiness-22147 Reisinger, M. (2004).Three essays on oligopoly: Product bundling, two-sided markets and vertical product differentiation.