Religion In America, 1492-1790 :: essays research papers

Religion in the New World detonated into the land with the colonization of thousands of settlers. It assumed a significant job in the advancement of thought in the West. Religion was one of the primary ideas to start the wants of individuals from different nations to emigrate to the new grounds. While numerous religions bloomed on the American shores of the Atlantic, a fundamental structure held for a large portion of them, being dominatingly gotten from Rigidity. Jamestown, the main lasting English settlement, demonstrated the connection the new pioneers needed to God at the point when Sir Thomas Dale said the accompanying in 1610: Be definitely not daunted at all For scandall can't doe us wrong, God will not let us fall. Let England knowe our willingnesse, For that our work is acceptable; Wee want to plant a country Where none before hath stood. (Morison, pg. 89) Originally, when Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of America en course to Asia, he was not keen on finding new lands. Most Europeans at the time were searching for a way to get at the most seasoned piece of the Old World, the East Indies. A sea course was tried to the nations that were accepted to contain wealth past European cognizance, hence abstaining from paying many various mediators associated with exchange, likewise making for a shorter excursion. These inspirations were went with by the craving to change over the barbarian to Christianity, which had been declining since the ascent of Islam. By joining a few of the Western Asian nations with Christianity, Europeans planned to shape an impressive group against the Turks and recoup the important Holy Land (Morison, p.55). Columbus was certain that God had sent him to finish this task and that he was bound to convey the great Christian approaches to barbarian grounds. A Spanish settlement was made in 1609 named Santa Fe in what is currently New Mexico (Curti, p.167). A huge number of Pueblo Indians were at that point changed over to Christianity. Simultaneously, over the nation, England was building up its first settlement at Jamestown. Initially the English, who colonized close by the French, considered settlements to be the New World as carefully exchanging posts, yet they before long understood the significant openings that lay in the virgin terrains of America, for example, cotton, tobacco, and a few other farming items that couldn't be found anyplace else. A considerable lot of England’s issues could be illuminated in America, thus colonization started. At the point when the soonest pilgrims came, England had the duty to proceed with the Protestant Church, and keep the Catholic Church from changing over the whole Local American populace of North America (Morison, p.105) A potential Protestant shelter could be based there in the danger of common wars or a difference in religion. Religion In America, 1492-1790 :: papers inquire about papers Religion in the New World detonated into the land with the colonization of thousands of workers. It assumed a significant job in the advancement of thought in the West. Religion was one of the principal ideas to start the wants of individuals from different nations to emigrate to the new grounds. While numerous religions bloomed on the American shores of the Atlantic, a fundamental structure held for a large portion of them, being dominatingly gotten from Rigidity. Jamestown, the primary changeless English settlement, demonstrated the connection the new pioneers needed to God at the point when Sir Thomas Dale said the accompanying in 1610: Be definitely not daunted at all For scandall can't doe us wrong, God will not let us fall. Let England knowe our willingnesse, For that our work is acceptable; Wee would like to plant a country Where none before hath stood. (Morison, pg. 89) Originally, when Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of America en course to Asia, he was not keen on finding new lands. Most Europeans at the time were searching for a way to get at the most seasoned piece of the Old World, the East Indies. A sea course was tried to the nations that were accepted to contain wealth past European cognizance, along these lines abstaining from paying several various agents engaged with exchange, additionally making for a shorter excursion. These inspirations were went with by the craving to change over the barbarian to Christianity, which had been declining since the ascent of Islam. By joining a few of the Western Asian nations with Christianity, Europeans planned to shape an imposing group against the Turks and recoup the important Holy Land (Morison, p.55). Columbus was certain that God had sent him to finish this task and that he was bound to convey the great Christian approaches to rapscallion lands. A Spanish settlement was made in 1609 named Santa Fe in what is currently New Mexico (Curti, p.167). Countless Pueblo Indians were at that point changed over to Christianity. Simultaneously, over the nation, England was building up its first settlement at Jamestown. Initially the English, who colonized nearby the French, considered settlements to be the New World as carefully exchanging posts, yet they before long understood the significant openings that lay in the virgin terrains of America, for example, cotton, tobacco, and a few other farming items that couldn't be found anyplace else. A considerable lot of England’s issues could be settled in America, thus colonization started. At the point when the soonest pioneers came, England had the duty to proceed with the Protestant Church, and keep the Catholic Church from changing over the whole Local American populace of North America (Morison, p.105) A potential Protestant shelter could be based there in the danger of common wars or a difference in religion.

We Are Our Mothers Daughters Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays

We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Essays - Cokie Roberts, Free Essays We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Book Review We Are Our Mothers Daughters News reporter Cokie Roberts, writer of a significant book titled We are Our Mothers Daughters, distributed in 1998, call number 001-170, examines noteworthy issues confronting ladies today in her book. She takes her perusers on an individual and political venture, investigating the various jobs ladies have played all through American history and the associations and qualifications among various ages of ladies. On an individual level, each exposition is a prologue to a few of the interest ladies Roberts has experienced throughout her announcing vocation; she likewise relates amazing and moving biographies about the ladies throughout her life, similar to her mom previous Congresswoman Lindy Boggs. Roberts style is exceptional. Roberts takes you through personal accounts of remarkable ladies; these ladies become the start for progressively broad conversations of womens position in governmental issues, business, parenthood, and marriage, just as other issues. Roberts inspects the idea of womens jobs, from mother to technician, sister to officer, from her own understanding. Roberts is true to her sentiments in her composition in this book. I felt similarly as she was glad or miserable. She starts her composition with the serious story of her sister, whom passes on from malignancy at a youthful age. The tale of her moms life as a lawmaker next. Roberts likewise, composed about an auntie of hers, a fighter, specialist, companion, journalist, social liberties extremist, spouse, and an enterpriser. She closes her book by her last section titled A Womens Place. She talks about all the significant jobs of the ladies she expounded on and how they integrate. A womens place is all over the place and anyplace in todays world. She worked her composition by expounding on the ladies that were near her and stretched out from that point to other interesting ladies she experienced in her vocation. Roberts committed a section to every lady she expounded on. This book from my view is delicate, waterway forward, and discerning. It likewise appears such a decent variety of decisions and points of view accessible to ladies today and incredibly attests the obligation of females amazing entomb association among all ladies, whatever their foundation. I would propose anybody intrigued by where a ladies have a place and the history of ladies should peruse this determination. Its only one of those bookes, where from begin to end you may cry or snicker. I garuntee when you start to peruse, you won't have any desire to stop till you have perused the whole book.

Renaissance Food Essays - Breads, Baking, Bread, World Cuisine

Renaissance Food You are the proprietor of an enormous boat. You sail the world over and exchange products with different nations. A French financial specialist has consented to pay for your next outing if you can bring back a benefit and, ideally, merchandise that he can offer to neighborhood shippers. On the off chance that in any capacity whatsoever you don't come back with a benefit, he has the privilege to pull out of the arrangement, and you'll be stuck paying for everything. Prior to you sail from your homeport in Lisbon, Portugal, you should make a few significant choices about how to get ready for your excursion and what course to take. On the off chance that you succeed, you will be very affluent and will solidify your notoriety as a flavor dealer, guaranteeing that progressively rich financial specialists come your direction. Be that as it may, in the event that you fall flat, you may fail and lose your boat, also ruin your notoriety. Food and flavors of the Renaissance were the product of adventurers' work. Through investigation and exchange, strange and fascinating nourishments local to recently discovered domains turned out to be generally exchanged products. What's more new ways were found to utilize effectively basic staples, and the quantity of flavors went from a couple to a couple hundred. The Renaissance was a period of extraordinary disclosure, and new nourishments were one of them. During the Renaissance, various locales of Europe had nourishments that were progressively normal to them and less regular to different territories. Around the coast fish was the food of decision. Herring and cod were predominant in the north, and in the south sardines, anchovies, and fish were among the more ordinarily devoured fish1. Then again cows and other household creatures were progressively basic around inland areas. Dairy animals, sheep, and goats were among the most generally raised residential creatures. As meat the vast majority of these creatures were eaten when they were youthful as veal, sheep, and kid2. Of the all the nourishments that were basic all through all of Europe bread and grain were by a long shot the most widely recognized. Laborers and privileged people the same devoured bread. The rich ate white bread made of refined wheat flour3. Where as the poor ate darker breads and level bread since they were a lot cheaper4. In England rolls turned out to be extremely well known. Grains, for example, polenta and oats were additionally an all around devoured staple. Of all the numerous nourishments during the Renaissance nourishments of the bread bunch were among the most widely recognized. They were definitely not truth be told, exceptionally modest yet were sound. The creation of bread was profoundly directed during the renaissance5. From the start, rules were forced upon cooks from the higher specialists. Gathering the bread cooks was just a progressively productive way of guaranteeing that they kept the guidelines. As neighborhood economies grew, be that as it may, these associations started to go off all alone. Gatherings started to figure their own guidelines to more readily benefit from their status in the open eating routine. A few types of general wellbeing guidelines have without a doubt been around since the beginning of urbanization. For pastry specialists, the most straightforward standards to force were those with respect to loads and costs. Necessities on bread costs, quality, weight, and newness have been reported to a long time before even the renaissance6. For the most part, be that as it may, guidelines were implemented at the nearby level. Measures differed from town to town as per grain accessibility and tastes. For model, the Winchester Assize of 1203 expressed that white bread made in our city of Winchester will gauge thirty shillings, yet dark bread sixty-five shillings7. The most boundless guideline was the Assize of Bread. This English law made in 1266 endeavored to normalize the different neighborhood policies8. The Assize guided pastry specialists to make a typical load of bread known as a penny portion. Be that as it may, the portion could shift in weight, and therefore cost, as indicated by the sort of flour utilized. the white portion was produced using the best white flour accessible. The wheaten portion was coarser, and gauged half so much. family portions were roughly twofold the weight of white portions, produced using unbolted flour9. Despite the fact that the assize of bread made a great endeavor, bread loads were conflictingly founded on the going nearby pace of grain, and loads varied all through the nation. The Judgment of the Pillary was a law illuminating systems to explore and rebuff offenders10. In times of starvation or grain deficiencies, specialists had the ability to take over cooks and power them to work at beneath showcase rates11. Pastry specialists in this circumstance were not permitted to raise costs despite the fact that their fixings were increasingly costly. Now and again bread was just taken from them to take care of the town. For instance,

Society (Immigration) U.S Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Society (Immigration) U.S - Movie Review Example Avalon’s venture starts with a clean Jewish family, bound up with solid family ties and connection for pretty much every explanation like love, regard, care and honesty. (Gustafson, 2004) Krachinsky’s tribe moved to America and settled in Baltimore in 1914 with expectations and soul to procure joy and congruity, needed to encounter the marvels of America and it boundless prospects yet lamentably they confronted terrible changes in their solid family organize and not, at this point stayed merciful about their profound customary roots. They increased into ages and got accomplishment in their monetary statuses however confronted some sad issues when their second and third era moved away from family bouncing and sought after for American belief system. Krachinsky brought along their fine social, conventional and strict qualities which were later dissolved by the solid social powers and were supplanted by the modernize American Culture. (Paul Haspel, 2008) The story spins ar ound three primary changes that the family endured, right off the bat when the family begun moving to rural areas, Secondly Levinson accentuated on the social affair with the more distant families on uncommon days like thanksgiving or church days, was not, at this point rehearsed or partook in together on a long supper table actually, step by step contracted to little tables after the appearance of TV, Third and the central matter was that the succeeding age began supplanting their family names. The young was driven gradually and continuously into social osmosis where they overlooked their foundations and conventional practices and ran for the appeal that the American Society conveys. The spotlight of quick pace American life has consistently pulled in individuals paying little mind to their convictions. This is the thing that dazzled Sam when he previously stepped in America and saw the greatest and most brilliant festivals and he understood that he settled on the correct choice. L ater he was refuted when he encountered the brutal perspectives from his own child and his better half. Levinson has splendidly envisioned the age hole with every one of its parts like adjustment of new mechanical progressions, redesigning ways of life by moving to rural areas and doing a desk occupations, substitution of their own sir names and keeping American names. (Haspel, 2008) The detoriation of social legacy affected and harmed Sam step by step and at last when he at last observed his grandson visiting him in old home. It is pretty much all migrants who face such issues like language distinction, strict contrast and all in all shading contrasts. Whatever the image, media and Hollywood presents, the issues that outsiders from all around the globe face stays there however they have no immediate method to promote it in this way the world acknowledge the image which is perfectly painted by the American media that how workers have effectively achieved in America, overlooking the way that they have relinquished their valuable standards as far as their ethical, strict and social qualities to get this materialistic improvement throughout everyday life. There is no uncertainty that American land is appealling, loaded with glamour and glitz and yet it intensely needs family life and order of human life which can never lose its embodiment regardless of the amount we advance and accomplish in our life. Levinson built up an amazing piece with a

How to Find Proposal Essay Samples

How to Find Proposal Essay SamplesThere are many different ways to generate a good proposal essay. The question is, which one should you use? Following are a few sample proposals in the simplest of English and in very basic language.Simple proposal examples are very common in the high school setting and the most popular idea submission. This type of sample essay is much easier to complete and include in an average proposal than more complex ideas or concepts. These types of examples are also very easy to copy if you want to create a small sample portfolio that you can take with you on the job hunt. However, even though this is the most traditional idea submission, it's probably not the best one for your initial contact.Business school applications. Business schools usually have a lot of different sections to consider when ranking applicants. This helps a prospective student who has an idea for an extremely unique concept to show off the proper way to write a good proposal. However, t his also makes the typical proposal very difficult to follow, especially for a high school student. Even though the standard template can sometimes be followed, in this case, the extra details can get messy and quite impossible to follow.General idea samples. Common examples include ideas for how to bring unique ideas to life. Because it can be so hard to find these ideas, a lot of people end up duplicating what someone else has already done.Creative outline samples. Writing an outline is difficult enough when you're just working on a simple project, but when you need to come up with a creative outline, things can get trickier.Professional advisor samples. For a college student trying to get an internship, this is an essential element of their professional resume. In order to make the most of this section, a student will want to write a very comprehensive proposal that includes a lot of details.Short paragraphs are the key. Even though most students know that long and detailed speec hes are bad, most students don't actually learn the proper format for such an introduction. There are lots of different ways to do this, but the easiest way to achieve this is to break each idea down into several paragraphs and then present them as a block of text.The best way to learn about the different types of essay samples is to find a sample for each style of essay. The process is often more difficult than what students may think, but once they learn the proper way to go about writing a proposal, they will find the experience to be very enjoyable.

Society, Family, Catharsis Male Protagonists in ‘All My Sons’ and ‘The Cement Garden’ - Literature Essay Samples

Ian McEwan’s controversial, macabre bildungsroman, ‘The Cement Garden’, and Arthur Miller’s Ibsen-inspired domestic tragedy, â€Å"All My Sons†, both profoundly explore societal and familial demands and expectations laid upon men in these epochs-1946 and 1978 respectively. Aristotle’s definition of an ideal protagonist is â€Å"a man who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty†¦ [and] is highly renowned and prosperous- a personage like Oedipus†[1]. Subsequently, corrupt businessman Joe Keller in ‘All My Sons’ and confused adolescent, Jack in ‘The Cement Garden’ are identified as the protagonists rather than the other male leads (Joe’s son Chris and Jack’s estranged brother, Tom). They fulfill these criteria as a result of their shared hamartia- a hubristic nature, defining themselves by their fundamental masc uline desires for financial power and success, sexuality and status- which is the catalyst to their downfalls and has a cathartic purging effect on the audience. Ultimately, in both these pieces of notable, postmodern literature, the characters’ protracted struggle with their own identities comes to a cataclysmic ending following the denouements. Joe and Jack’s identities teeter precariously on the fact that they are top of their familial hierarchies. Like other men of his era, Joe is not only expected to support his family as breadwinner, but also his country while at war; as said by Miller himself, â€Å"All my Sons is a realistic play illustrating the theme that a man must recognise his ethical responsibility to the world outside his home as well as in his own home†[2]. Despite this overwhelming pressure for wealth and security being self-inflicted, he refuses to take responsibility for the consequences and blames his wife, Kate, for his own actions. In act t hree, he says â€Å"You wanted money, so I made money. What must I be forgive? You wanted money, didnt you?†[3]. Repetition of the word â€Å"money† highlights his primary focus, but the cacophonous sound foreshadows the effect his obsession will have and, although perhaps subconsciously, he is aware of this. Furthermore, his poor grammar not only implies that he is rushing amidst the height of emotional intensity, but also that he is uneducated both intellectually and socially, broadening the explanation for his desperate attempts for validation. This is reiterated by his rhetorical question and inability to appreciate that Kate is covering for him- he lacks the intelligence to recognise the error of his crimes. In his eyes, not achieving the goals he has set himself inevitably means failure as a man; so blaming her is a form of protection, preservation and a way to keep the possibility of the broken American dream alive. Although his actions may initially appear narc issistic and selfish, it could be argued that his aspirations for him and his family are his primary motives. He is willing to tarnish his reputation and live with guilt for his family’s benefit. Bosley Crowther expressed his agreement with this opinion in response to Edward G. Robinson’s portrayal of Joe Keller in the 1948 movie adaptation, stating he presented â€Å"a little tough guy who has a softer side†¦ [who is] tender and considerate in the presence of those he loves†. However, it wasn’t these values that were passed on to his son, but rather his greed. Chris says earlier in act one â€Å"If I have to grub for money all day long at least at evening I want it beautiful. I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to.† The repetition of ‘I want’ indicates his self-righteous nature, developed from an expectation to be the leader and thus most important and it is evident from the mistakes in sentence form that he too is equally uninformed. Ultimately, Arthur Miller is describing two very similar men and the fact that Chris is in many ways a reflection of his father, suggests that the way Chris is portrayed reveals Joe’s often well-hidden true character. The pastiche nuclear family wistfully constructed by the four siblings in ‘The Cement Garden’, is an insight into the perception of what was considered to be a desired family unit and the responsibility of men within it in the 1970s. Despite being set approximately three decades after ‘All My Sons’ and during a fundamental stage in social progression, the characters strive to assume stereotypical roles, naively emulating the unrealistic families in movies and television shows such as ‘The Brady Bunch’ and ‘Little House on the Prairie’. Seventeen-year-old Julie takes on the position of housewife while fourteen-year-old Jack becomes the surrogate father who protect s his younger siblings, thirteen-year-old Sue and six-year-old Tom, who act as their children. It is this role that comes to be his main focus for development; reflecting the social psychological structures suggested by Erik Erikson, Jack is at the stage of his maturation where he is questioning who he is and the position he wants to have in society. Because of his patriarchal mentality, he expects that as the father figure, he will be head of the family, however Julie, whose age gives her clout, initially proves him wrong. Evidently, unlike in ‘All My Son’s’, there is a power struggle between the male and female lead, but Jack’s determination and need to be the ‘alpha male’ leads to him ultimately having power over his three siblings, which they resent- as indicated by Julie who says â€Å"he wants to be one of the family, you know, big smart daddy. He’s getting on my nerves†. He strives solely for this outcome from the opening of the book, highlighted first by the pride he experiences to walk â€Å"in front followed by†¦ [his] father† rather than following like before†, and it is seemingly this aim that defines Jack’s identity. However, the end of the novel sees his willingness to coalesce his newfound power with infantilization as he takes the submissive role while consummating his incestuous relationship with his sister. As Jeannette Baxter points out â€Å"this act of filial desire is couched in vertiginous terms†[4] which suggest his â€Å"uncertainty of knowing how to negotiate trauma†[5]; Jack’s description of feeling â€Å"weightless, tumbling through space with no sense of up or down† supports this. Furthermore, the sibilance in this section, such as â€Å"soft shudder† juxtaposes sensuality with an unsettling ambiance. Combined, these two linguistic features identify Jack as a confused individual who is merely forceful and dominant on th e surface. With his â€Å"lips around Julie’s nipple†, he makes himself vulnerable and reverts to sexually twisted infantile behavior and childlike lack of conscientiousness, whilst emancipating him of the pressures of male gender stereotypes. Due to their familial status, both protagonists are derogatory and repressive in their actions towards women. Joe is described as â€Å"a man among men†- he sees men only as his equals and his subjugation of women limits them to the domestic arena and community. This treatment was, for the most part, universal as indicated by the surfacing of works such as Betty Friedan’s ‘Feminine Mystique’. It was, therefore, something the audience would have related to, which is necessary as tragedy is defined partly as â€Å"an imitation of an action that is serious†[6], therefore it must be something in existence. Maltreatment is made abundantly clear by the fact that Kate continuously refers to Joe by name but he does not reciprocate this respect, and Kate being titled â€Å"mother† in the stage directions. They also describe her as â€Å"a woman of uncontrollable inspirations and an overwhelming capacity for love†- using a word in the semantic field of hysteria, â€Å"uncontrollable† not only plays into the Antediluvian opinion that women are unstable and inferior, but also suggests that as a women she should be controlled by her significant other, Joe. The emotive aposiopesis in Keller’s â€Å"commanding outburst† ending in the threatening phrase â€Å"I better –† highlights his masculine authority and the way it silences those he disparages. The depictions of females in the play and in ‘The Cement Garden’ are vital to understand the males, as male identities only exist when compared to women. Kate’s weaknesses make Joe appear both physically and emotionally stronger. He is a â€Å"heavy man of stolid mind and bui ld†, who has come to terms with the death of his son (unlike his wife). Furthermore, comments Kate makes throughout the play provide insight into the misogynistic and judgmental views of Joe, who has likely seeded the ideas. For instance, the way she speaks about Ann’s appearance, such as I think her nose got longer and You gained a little weight, didnt you, darling?† suggests that Joe has potentially said these things about her own appearance and she is in fact mirroring them, hence implying Joe’s manipulative and subtly abusive temperament. Applying the same theory would, however, suggest that he too has a nurturing and affectionate side, implied by the typical term of endearment- â€Å"darling†, but he is ostensibly depicted otherwise as a proudly oppressive tyrant. Jack’s attitude towards female ‘inferiority’ is similar to that of Joe, he expects them to be subservient; demonstrated by his disgust towards his brother dressing as a girl. This is recognised by Julie who tells him, â€Å"girls can wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because its okay to be a boy; for girls its like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading.† Furthermore, his sexual objectification of his sisters and disregard for anything but their physical attributes is, assumedly, the way he would view women in general. Only five paragraphs into the book Jack is uncomfortably describing the â€Å"skin clung tightly to her [Sue’s] rib cage†, â€Å"muscular ridge of her buttocks† and â€Å"little flower of flesh† and soon â€Å"the soft line† of Julie’s mouth. â€Å"Little†, â€Å"flower† and â€Å"soft† conspicuously confirm Jack’s supposition for women to be innocent and pure yet weak. Defining his sisters using a series of synecdoches gives a s ense of depersonalisation and divulges his newfound hyperfocus on the female body; manifestly, his burgeoning sexuality is a defining feature of his character. Ultimately, ‘The Cement Garden’ is an odyssey that revolves around Jack’s developing identity throughout his arduous ascent into manhood and subsequent discovery of his sexuality. Lacking a male role model, Jack fails to pass the phallic stages of development as described by Freud and Kohlberg, and consequently he has a dangerously radical Oedipus complex. The small impact his despotic father has on him was the abuse and manipulation of women: Jack describes how he â€Å"knew how to use his pipe against her†. His lack of guidance, combined with the resent he feels towards his father (stressed by the plosives surrounding his description) is what fuels his need for superiority and thus degradation of women. The dogged desires of the protagonists to emulate what they perceive as masculine values lead t hem to make mistakes (essentially murder and incest) and become anti-heroes. Like the majority of Miller’s protagonists, following Aristotelian principles, Joe’s hamartia and hubristic nature causes his demise but unlike John Proctor, Eddie Carbone or even Willy Loman, his suicide is selfish, rather than altruistic martyrdom. It is true to his character that he would sooner capitulate to his sins than atone and reach redemption. Cynically, Joe believes the masculine values he strives for to be unobtainable. He will never fulfill the moral responsibilities thrust upon him as identified by the biblical reference â€Å"a man can’t be Jesus in this world’; which is his justification for abandoning his cause. How can one be something that does not exist? Comparing himself to â€Å"Jesus† shows he seeks solace in a higher power and is somewhat vulnerable, a characteristic he believes to be undesirable due to its feminine connotations. His name, Keller i s a pun for ‘killer’, marking him as guilty from the outset, despite his continuous attempts to conceal this. The moment â€Å"a shot is heard in the house†, marks Joe’s disillusionment and is in fact him coming to terms with his identity in an exceedingly sinister manner. This anagnorisis moment would have shocked the audience and been a moment of manipulated tension- Miller said, â€Å"the audience sat in silence†¦ and gasped when they should have, and I tasted that power†¦ which is to know that by ones invention a mass of strangers has been publicly transfixed†[7]. However, being a tragedy of the common man and the subtle championing of the underdog makes it difficult to look so negatively upon Joe. Both works evoke a catharsis in the audience and reader, intensified by the somewhat relatable situations the protagonists are in, making their demises all the more disturbing and painful to watch. The falsehood of the concept of masculinity is portrayed- striving to become a strong and respected man has detached Joe from reality and leads to a lack of morality; accordingly his identity within society is ironically demeaned despite this being the opposite of his intentions. As ‘All My Sons’ created controversy among a 1950s audience with the honest depiction of the futility of the American dream, ‘The Cement Garden’ did with incest and sexual self-discovery- â€Å"the novel skillfully inverts the traditional maturation narratives†- and Jack’s hastened rites of passage prove immensely destructive- in this way it is an urbanised adaptation of William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’. Like most young adults, Jack has long aspired to be independent and virile. However, â€Å"given that instant adulthood they all crave†[8] too quickly proves traumatizing and harmful. He develops such a degree of hegemonic masculinity in the space of days that he loses sense of his own identity, in fact it bifurcates- symbolized in the line, â€Å"I stared at my own image till it began to disassociate itself and paralyse me with its look†. The pronoun â€Å"it† underlines his dissatisfaction with himself and longing to be different. Additionally, his distressed questioning of his own character leads him into a spiral of immoral choices, culminating in his sexual relationship with his sister, and a constant feeling of unrecognised shame. The repeating nightmares of his mother reprimanding him for his serial masturbating, is a clear indication of this, in a sense it is him punishing himself. The taboo emotions and experiences described, although often hyperbolic, are relatable; as argued by William Sutcliffe who stated that the novel elicits â€Å"a degree of self-excavation that exposes seams one did not expect to find when the digging began†[9]. However, the unwillingness of many to admit to these ideas to themselves, let alone others, led the book to initially be banned in many schools and receive equally negative responses as positive. Jack is on the cusp of manhood but â€Å"torn between the impulses to progress and regress†[10] he makes mistakes and, much to the repulsion of the reader, sexually objectifies his sister, henceforth poignantly imprisoning him in a state of immaturity. In spite of the fact that Jack and Joe have internalized idealisms of the perfect family and American dream, they are driven by their innate instincts and pseudo masculinity, which is the catalyst for their downfalls and termination of their ceaseless desires. Evidently, both Ian McEwan and Arthur Miller focus predominantly on character analysis and development rather than plot in ‘The Cement Garden’ and ‘All My Sons’. The identity of each male protagonist, Jack and Joe, is explored and deconstructed; at the core they are defined by a primitive desire for sexual dominance, a definitive God complex a nd inability to accept that they are not all powerful. However, the pursuit of these ‘masculine’ attributes leads to their ultimate demise; Joe is taken from a guiltless state of innocence to intense remorse, by nature of his sentient being, pushing him to commit suicide, whereas Jack’s inability to see the indecorousness of his relationship with his sister leads Derek to call the police. Characterising the two by their flaws rather than strengths could be intended to encourage self-reflection in the audience and reader, thus bettering oneself by breaking the shell of superficiality so many rely on to create a favourable identity rather than a real one. The final note is â€Å"you can be better!† Bibliography 1. Aristotle translated by S.H. Butcher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011) 2. Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972) 3. Bosley Crowther, Film Review (The New York Times,1948) 4. Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 5. Linda Napikoski, The Feminine Mystique (About Education, 2016) The Book That Sparked Womens Liberation 6. Sunday Times, The Cement Garden, blurb 7. William Sutcliffe, Cracking Up (The Guardian, 2005) 8. Sam Mills, Sam Millss top 10 books about the darker side of adolescence (The Guardian, 2006) 9. Ã…  Ãƒ ¡rka Smejkalovà ¡ supervised by Mgr. Lucie PodrouÃ… ¾kovà ¡, PhD, Characters’ Transformations in Ian Mcewan’s Works (Brno 2007) 10. Wikipedia (2016) The Cement Garden [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cement_Garden] 11. Wikipedia (2016) All My Sons [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_My_Sons] [1] Aristotle translated by S.H. But cher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011), section 2 Part XIII [2] Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972), page 11 [3] Bosley Crowther, Film Review (The New York Times,1948) [4] Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 [5] Jeannette Baxter, Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspective, 2nd Edition (Bloomsbury, 2013), page. 24 [6] Aristotle translated by S.H. Butcher, Poetics (Martino Fine Books, 2011), section 1 Part VI [7] Arthur Miller, Collected Plays â€Å"Introduction† (Allied Publishers, 1972) [8] Sunday Times, The Cement Garden, blurb [9] William Sutcliffe, Cracking Up (The Guardian, 2005) [10] Sam Mills, Sam Millss top 10 books about the darker side of adolescence (The Guardian, 2006)

Anthropology Variation in Skin Color - 2669 Words

Old Dominion University Human Adaptation and Variation Alyssa Carlson 01005378 ANTR 110S_10772 Dr. Elva Smith 24 November 2014 Human biological diversity encompasses much more than the characteristics seen by the naked eye. Our species walked new and unique paths to arrive at our present existence. Our journey resulted in the achievement of many innovative and unique physiognomies allowing us to survive and reproduce. What characteristics have our species evolved and which most greatly shaped our evolution by conferring additional advantages in survivorship? Although there are many remarkable characteristics that have evolved the most striking†¦show more content†¦We can acclimatize to a wide range of temperature and humidity. The nature of skin color distribution suggests an association with environmental factors varying with latitude. The association between dark skin color and a tropical habitat existed throughout the Old World due to the majority of the world’s dark skinned population residing in the tropics. The tropics are 23 degrees north and south of the equator. Huma ns and their ancestors have been inhabitants of that land for thousands of years until migration to all corners of the globe started to occur. As migration continued so did natural selection. Outside of the tropics, in locations such as the poles, skin variation is different due to the lack of sun and is quite obvious. Adaptation to lighter pigmentation may have been driven by a need to increase UV absorption for vitamin D synthesis at high latitudes. In addition, the pigment of the poles inhabitants did not change rapidly. Instead it was done by becoming acclimated to the environment. Acclimatization is another kind of physiological response to environmental conditions, and it can be short-term, long-term, or even permanent. Acclimatization is the physiological responses to changes in the environment that occur during an individual’s lifetime. These responses to environmental factors are partially influenced by genes, but some can also be affected by the duration and sever ity of the exposure. AfterShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Evolution of Human Skin Color1019 Words   |  5 Pagesworld, humans have significantly changed overtime and have developed all sorts of diverse characteristics. One noticeable characteristic of human beings is the variation of skin color. Skin color has been used to identify, classify, and verify the variation that exists in the human population around the world. How did such a distinct variation arise and how did it play into adaptation? I’ve often heard that â€Å"humans came from monkeys,† or something similar. 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Natural selectionRead MoreNatural Selection Has Altered the Appearance of Europeans ove the Past 5000 years1177 Words   |  5 Pagesappearance of Europeans over the past 5,000 years† discusses how scientists have finally discovered how natural selection played a role on the human genome in the past 5,000 years and how it caused transformations in the appearances of people, in their skin, eye and hair pigmentation. This research had been on going for a long time and unfortunately; the methods the geneticists originally used did not produce good results. Finally the researchers were able to conduct new experiments by examining theRead More Biological Differences that Exist Between Individuals in a Population3749 Words   |  15 PagesIndividuals in a Population Physical anthropologists view humans as biological organisms. Coupled with genetics and biochemistry, scientists can form a more complete picture of human anatomy, both past and present. 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Is Marketing Ethical And Ethical - 1158 Words

Is Marketing Ethical? The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether or not Marketing is ethical. The flow of this paper will present a brief discussion on the definition of marketing, a brief discussion on the definition of ethics, and overview of the marketing process, and finally a narrative that discusses my view on whether or not marketing is ethical. WHAT IS MARKETING? According to the Kotler text, marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return (Kotler and Armstrong 5). This definition extends marketing beyond advertising, promotion and selling. Marketing is used to create value for customers and building strong relationships with those customers. If a company is successful in creating value and building strong customer relationships, the company will be able to capture value from customers. WHAT IS ETHICS? According to Brown and Suter, ethics are the moral principles and values that govern the way an individual or a group conducts its activities (Brown and Suter 10). Based on the definition provided by Brown and Suter, ethics go beyond whether something is legally or socially correct. It is based on a set of principles and values. The principles and values employed by a company will drive the overall marketing process of that company. WHAT IS THE MARKETING PROCESS? Since marketing goes beyond the advertising, promotion and selling of a product,Show MoreRelatedEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. 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Due to this societal marketing concept has emerged which requires that marketer adhere to socially responsible and ethical practices in the marketing of their goods and products. Below is the definitionRead MoreEthical Issues in Marketing3405 Words   |  14 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing: The Context of Developing Countries Introduction: Marketing, in contemporary times, has seen a tumultuous change in the way its conducted in developing countries. The oft cited dictum that only change is constant in the marketing genre is an apposite one. 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Marketing too has some ethical guidelines, but to what extent are they being followed to have consumers thinking otherwise? Marketing is supposed to make honest claims and satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. It is supposed to develop brand loyalty, to in turn increase

Family Should Not Be Defined By Blood - 1129 Words

Kroeker 1 A family can be defined in many different ways and almost every person has their own view and definition of families. Some may define it as simply as the blood relatives they have grown up with, living in the same home for most of their life. Whereas others, including myself, have a much more in depth or personable definition. No matter the culture or living situation, my definition of a family is the people I know will be there for me whenever I need them to be. This includes not only my actual blood related siblings, parents, grandparents and cousins but also my best friends and even some of my parents’ close friends that I have known the majority of my life. Family should not be defined by blood. I have an aunt that was adopted which means she is not blood related, but I still fully consider her family, I believe this has an impact on my own definition of a family. Television today has changed the views and stereotypes on American Families. Stereotypes include the family ha ving a mother and father living in the same home where the mother is a stay at home mom, while the father makes a living for the family. Also the family is usually Caucasian and considered wealthy, living in the suburbs. The shows such as Full House, Good Luck Charlie Keeping Up With The Kardashians have had a major impact on how societies view families in this day and age because of the way they follow these American Stereotypes. Television portrays American families in a way that isShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Pneumonia1234 Words   |  5 PagesPneumonia can be defined as the inflammatory process of the lungs that produces excess fluid. The most common cause of pneumonia is bacteria pneumonia. Bacteria pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. This type of pneumonia can occur on its own or after you ve had a cold or the flu. 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The Extraordinary Jimi Hendrix Essay - 2402 Words

The extraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of James Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock music guitarist made a legendary mark not only in the history of rock n roll but also on the pop culture as a whole (Ross 32). With unique techniques never seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage, he became one of the most influential music figures of the 60s (Kamin). Hendrix was not born into stardom nor was it given to him by any means. He strived all throughout his life to be the very best. Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington to Al and Lucille Hendrix, and not until four years later did his father change his sons name to James Marshall†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, he never was able to get Richard to realize his talents, so he abandoned Richards tour in St. Louis (Wolters, Pre-Experience). 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The pair was short-lived as Hendrix soon split, and his adventurous spirit ended him up in New York where he rented a small, cheap apartment and drifted from job to dead-end job (Wolters, Pre-Experience). The spring of 1964 brought better luck to Hendrix. Ronnie Isley of the IsleyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jimi Hendrix1489 Words   |  6 Pages This future guitar master went by the name of Jimi, Jimi Hendrix. His childhood was not very fortunate, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way: Jimi loved to play the guitar. Jimi could never afford to take lessons so he taught himself. At first he played an old acoustic guitar, and later a cheap Silvertone electric. Both of these guitars were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits. 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Changes in the Dynamics of Pc Industry Free Essays

Core Competency (CI#1) : Apple design, develop and market numerous product and service lines. They sell their products to education, consumer creative professional, business and government customers. While apple seems to display numerous products and conduct business on different segments, it is legitimate to wonder what the company is really good at? Too much diversity is exactly what crushed Apple during the John Scully days. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes in the Dynamics of Pc Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cannibalization (CI#2): Through January 2005, Apple has opened 102 retail stores. Although these launches are potentially beneficial, Apple stores are hurting the resellers’ business and not all of them will survive. Considering that the company’s resellers still account for more than 50% of its domestic sales, the company is facing the risk of cannibalization and might deeply suffer. High Cash (CI#3): Why is Apple holding so much cash? Having too much cash in reserve might either mean that the company does not know yet how to allocate it or that they may have some risk concerns about future potential investment. Succession (CI#4): Apple is clearly one of the handful of companies where the fortunes are seen to be intricately tied to the person in charge. The star quality and the visionary talents associated with Steve Jobs are certainly contributed to the success of the company. So the news of Jobs’ cancer surgery might lead to a succession problem and compromise the company’s future. I. CURRENT SITUATION A. CURRENT PERFORMANCE Apple achieved a solid performance for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same quarter 2004 with strong net sales in the Americas segment (+77%) in Europe (+63%) and in Japan (+18%). The Americas segment represents approximately 47% of the company’s total net sales. The increase in net sales in the Americas, Europe and Japan was primarily driven by increased demand of the iPod and the consumer-oriented iMAC. Demand for the iBook products were especially high for the Americas, while peripherals and other hardware were more popular in Europe. The retail segment’s net sales grew to $561 million as compared to $273 million in the same period in 2004, this represents a remarkable 105% increase. B. SRATEGIC POSTURE Mission Apple strives for continuous improvement in our environmental, health and safety management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services. Apple’s Guiding Principles O Meet or exceed all applicable environmental, health and safety requirements. O Where laws and regulations do not provide adequate controls, Apple will adopt their own standards to protect human health and the environment. O Support and promote sound scientific principles and fiscally responsible public policy that enhance environmental quality, health and safety. O Advocate the adoption of prudent environmental, health and safety principles and practices by their contractors, vendors and suppliers. O Communicate environmental, health and safety policies and programs to Apple employees and stakeholders. O Design, manage and operate our facilities to maximize safety, promote energy efficiency and protect the environment. O Strive to create products that are safe in their intended use, conserve energy and materials and prevent pollution throughout the product life cycle including design, manufacture, use and end-of-life management. O Ensure that all employees are aware of their role and responsibility to fulfill and sustain Apple’s environmental, health and safety management systems and policy. Goals O Innovation above everything else. O Increase sales in the education segment. O Produce user friendly, good appearance products to get customers â€Å"think Different† and â€Å"think Digital†. O Developing new digital lifestyle consumer, and professional software application O Investing in new products area such as rack-mount servers, RAID storage system and wireless technologies. O Provide a high quality sales and after sales support experience. Strategy Trough the design and the development of its own operating system, hardware and many software application and technologies, Apple strives to bring to its customers compelling new products and solution with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration and innovative industrial design. Apple currently focus on: O Increasing marketing and advertising investment in order to improve product and brand awareness. O Vertical growth strategy: expand the retail segment by opening more retail stores. (CI#2) O Market opportunities related to digital music distribution and consumer electronic devices, including iPod. O Implement a cost leadership strategy to keep up with the competition and be more affordable for the educational segment. O Continue to be the leader in innovation for new technology by implementing a product differentiation strategy. Policies â€Å"Employee diversity â€Å": This policy is a key component and contribute to the success of the company. â€Å"We respect these differences and threat them as an additional value that we incorporate in the way we treat other and approach our customers. † Therefore, Apple apply that each employee is fully responsible for understanding and following this policy. Substance policy† O Apple comply with applicable substance legislation worldwide. O monitor and assess new scientific findings on the environmental impact of substances used in Apple products. O educate our supply chain partners and drive innovations within our supply chain to find alternative materials that improve environmental performance. â€Å"Product Take-Back and Recycling Policy† O Producers should provide a means to facilitate environmentally friendly recycling of their products at the end of electronic products’ useful life. O Consumers should select a disposal method for end-of-life electronics products that does not adversely impact the environment. O Governments should develop a legal framework and public policies to promote appropriate end-of-life management, including environmentally friendly disposal and recycling. O Materials generated from the recycling of our products should be used as feedstock for new products whenever possible. II. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE A. BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Board consists of 6 members, of which 5 are external directors: Board Member-Occupation Audit and Finance committee Nominating Committee Compensation Committee William l V. CampbellChairman Intuit, Inc C Ccc Millard S. DexlerChairman and CEOJ. Crew C C Albert Gore, Jr. Former Vice President of the US C C Steve JobsCEO and Co-founderApple ComputerChairman and CEOPixar Arthur D. LevinsonChairman and CEOGenentech, Inc C Ccc Jerome B. YorkCEOHarwinton Capital Corporation Ccc cc=Chairperson C=Member *Audit and committees members are used to ensure feedback and monitor implementation and compliance. Steve Jobs Co-founder of Apple in 1976, he has played an important role in the development of the personal computer. He also co-founded NeXT Software, inc. and served as CEO until 1997 when NeXT was acquired by Apple. Director since 1997 and currently CEO of Apple and Pixar Animation Studios, Jobs is viewed as a key character for the company. However his strong voice and personality within the company could give him the power to sway the board. (internal) (Advantage/Conflict? ) CI#4 William V. Campbell Director of Apple since 1997, he was also the former CEO and president of Intuit, Inc. Mr. Campbell also serves on the board of directors of Opsware, Inc. His experience and knowledge in business, finance and technology might be valuable for the company, however, he is in direct competition with Apple in the sale of software such as Quickbook. (External) (Conflict) Millard S. Dexler Director of Apple since 1999, he has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of J. Crew Group, Inc. since March 2003. Previously, Mr. Drexler was Chief Executive Officer of Gap Inc. from 1995 and President from 1987 until September 2002. (External) Albert Gore, Jr Director since 2003, he was a former Vice President of the United States of America. He has remained an active leader in technology, launching a public/private effort to wire every classroom and library in America to the Internet. Therefore, Gore plays a key role in the implementation of Apple’s products in the educational segment. (External) (advantage) Arthur D. Levinson Director since 2000, he has been President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Genentech Inc. since July 1995. Mr. Levinson’s experience could benefit apple but his interest may be somewhere else. (External) (Advantage/Conflict? ) Jerome B. York Director since 1997, he is also a director of Tyco International Ltd. nd Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. Previously, Mr. York was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of MicroWarehouse, Inc. , a reseller of computer hardware, software and peripheral products and he also served as a Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of IBM Corporation. Mr. York’s experience in the computer industry might be a big pro for the company. (Ex ternal) ( Advantage) The Board of Apple is composed of a very diverse group of professionals who bring valuable expertise in the areas of technology, biotechnology, finance, turnaround strategies, retail business management, etc. The backgrounds and current â€Å"independent† positions of these members provide a wealth of knowledge and a variety of business perspectives for Apple. However the external activities of some of the members of the board might also be a source of conflict for the company. B. Top Management Management Style 1) Fred D. Anderson-Executive Vice President and CFO 2) Timothy D. Cook-Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Operations 3) Nancy R. Heinen-Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary 4) Ronald B. Johnson, Senior Vice President, Retail ) Peter Oppenheimer, Senior Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller 6) Jonathan Rubinstein, Senior Vice President, Hardware Engineering 7) Philip W. Schiller, Senior Vice President , Worldwide Product Marketing [pic]Vertrand Serlet, Ph. D. -Senior Vice President, Software Engineering 9) Sina Tamaddon, Senior Vice President, Applications 10) Avadis Tevanian, Jr. , Ph. D. -Senior Vice President, Chief Sofware Techno logy Officer C. Management Style Despite the fact that the company claims to have a partnership management style, I personally believe that Steve Jobs is leading an entrepreneurial style and highly influence the company. CI#4) III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT SCAN A. SOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT 1) Political-Legal Forces O Different countries have different legislations and these in some ways restrict the companies or give opportunities to the company. O NAFTA, European Union and other regional trade open doors to market in Europe, Asia, Latin America that offer enormous potential. O Political uncertainties caused by terrorism activities are directly impacting the overall business of the company. O The company relies on access to patent and intellectual property obtained from third parties. The company might unknowingly encounter infringe issues with existing patents of others. O Beatles lawsuit against the company may negatively affect the company’s reputation. O The company has to comply with the environment regulations such as environment safe disposal or recycling. 2) Socio-Cultural Forces O The computer and internet usage is growing worldwide and is a good source of opportunities for the computer industry. O Customers had become more experienced and computer literate. O Education has become a primordial issue for the new generation, which is a key factor for the company’s business. 3) Economic O In the past year, the industry has been affected by the slow economic and that resulted in low consumer spending. However the current economy shows some sign of improvement, consumer spending and investment might increase as well. O Due to weak economic conditions, the U. S. educational is encountering large budget deficits in many states. This factor has a negative impact over Apple’s sales in the educational segment. O Sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers can be adversely affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations (tariffs and antidumping penalties). ) Technology O Technology is evolving at a rapid pace today ,and people appreciate more more advances in their systems and are switching over to new information appliances. O Internet availability and usage is growing and leads to good opportunities for the industry. O The traditional desktop might become outdated by the entrance of new revolutio nary products. O Increasing demand for new technology in schools and professionals. B. TASK ENVIRONMENT Threat of New Entrants: O Medium to High – In the PC market any firm that discovers a new technology that is efficient in terms of price performance is an immediate threat to the industry. However, Established standards, start-up costs and established brands names (Intel, Windows) are difficult to overcome for a new entrant. Threat of substitute products: O High – The new forms of Information appliance like Digital TV / HDTV Digital set- top box Internet screen phones are gaining increasing popularity this might hamper the growth of the PC industry as a whole. Bargaining power of suppliers: O High – Since the industry is highly dependent on component suppliers, a powerful supplier could exert pressure on the market, by supplying components at a higher price to increase his profits. Since Apple is working only with few selected suppliers, the company is running at a higher risk than the average. Bargaining power of buyers: O Low – Due to high number of other suppliers in the industry the customer has the options to take the cheapest and the best. Rivalry among competition: O High – Competition among the giants is fierce, everyone aiming for a larger market share ,intensive price cuts changes. IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT SCAN A. CORPORATE STRUCTURE Apple is organized along functional lines. Apple is structured primarily on a geographic basis. The company’s reporting operating segment are comprised of: 1. The Americas 2. Europe, Middle East and Africa 3. Japan 4. Other: Asia-Pacific (Australia, Asia, and the subsidiary FileMaker, Inc. ) B. CORPORATE CULTURE O Commitment to innovation and product quality O Dedication to hard work and education O Commitment to diversity and to empowering employees O Commitment to safety and conservation of the environment/energy Steve Jobs has a huge impact in the company’s culture. Since Job’s return in 1997, the company has reinvented itself with an array of different colors and styles of computers. The introduction of the Ipod and Itunes largely position the company as an innovative leader. C. CORPORATE RESOURCES 1. ) Marketing Mix a. ) Product Apple is committed to sell original, good looking products that have an easy-to-use interface. The company offers a range of personal computing products, related devices and peripherals, and various third party hardware-products. In addition, the company offers software products (Mac OS X), server software and related solution; professional application software; and consumer, education and business oriented application software. Apple has been very innovative by finding new usages for its Macintosh computer, such as desktop publishing and strong graphics/animation capabilities. The Macintosh’s functionality for managing multimedia files from cameras, DV recorder and MP3 devices has been very popular and successful. The new introduction of Apple’s iPod and the iTune has revolutionize the digital music industry. b. ) Place Apple’s operating segment are comprised of: O U. S. O South America O Europe O Japan O Australia. Recently Apple chose to implement a vertical growth strategy and began xpanding their own retail stores. (CI#2) The company also sells its product via third-parties dealers, or via internet through their own website or through the iTune online music stores. c. ) Promotion In 2003, Apple formed a strategic alliance with PepsiCo. The Pepsi iTune Music promotion calls for people to use the winning code found under the Pepsi’s bottle caps products to redeem songs from App le’s iTunes Music Store. This promotion has already been successful for both companies and increased the awareness of the iTune presence in the market. In 2003, Apple also announced a marketing partnerships With America Online that are aimed at driving iTunes use deeply into the mainstream. Apple and America Online have agreed to put iTunes â€Å"buy this song† buttons next to every song that’s listed in AOL’s music service, which its 25 million subscribers can access. Clicking the button will automatically launch the iTunes music jukebox and begin downloading the song; billing will be handled through the customer’s existing arrangement with AOL. Apple has a joint venture with Hewlett Packard. Apple has produced an iPod for PC users and the success of this product was a good way for the company to capture non-MAC users. The company’ also drew on endorsements from music stars. U2 singer Bono, rap artist Dr. Dre and Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger each gave a live endorsement of the iChat videoconferencing software. Singer Sarah McLachlan also appeared live to sing several songs and to talk about how she used the iPod. In 2005, Apple Computer has initiated a partnership with Wal-Mart that will soon see the iPod shuffle featured at Wal-Mart discount locations around the country. d. ) Price Apple price is know to be above average in the industry. The company is using a differentiation strategy and focus more on innovation, and quality. This strategy is justifying their premium prices. Lately, however, their new technology and their high cash flow allowed them to lower their price and to offer more discount to certain markets such as the education market. (CI#3) This new pricing strategy may help Apple to better compete with the non-Mac user market but might cause some issue with the brand image/recognition. 2. ) Finance The financial results for the fiscal 2004 fourth quarter ended September 25, 2004. For the year 2004, the Company reported net income of $276 million on revenue of $8. 28 billion compared to net income of $69 million on revenue of $6. 21 billion in 2003. Their net income has increased 400%! Sales to the education market grew 11 percent, bringing its highest quarterly total for that market in seven years. Apple has a strong balance sheet with a lot of cash (CI#3), their inventories have almost double compared to the year 2003. Apple short-term debt and long-term debt have been completely paid, which is a very good advantage for the company. Apple’s activity ratios are very good and improved a lot compared to year 2003. However their ROE and ROI ratios are still low compared to the industry. Income Statement Sep 04 Sep 03 Sep 02 Revenue 8,279. 0 6,207. 0 5,742. 0 Cost of Goods Sold 5,870. 0 4,386. 0 4,021. 0 Gross Profit 2,409. 0 1,821. 0 1,721. 0 Gross Profit Margin 29. 1% 29. 3% 30. 0% Net Income After Taxes 276. 0 69. 0 65. 0 Balance Sheet Sep 04 Sep 03 Sep 02 Cash 2,969. 0 3,396. 0 2,252. 0 Net Receivables 774. 0 766. 0 565. 0 Inventories 101. 0 56. 0 45. 0 Total Current Assets 7,055. 0 5,887. 0 5,388. 0 Total Assets 8,050. 6,815. 0 6,298. 0 Accounts Payable 1,451. 0 1,154. 0 911. 0 Short-Term Debt 0. 0 304. 0 0. 0 Other Current Liabilities 1,229. 0 899. 0 747. 0 Total Current Liabilities 2,680. 0 2,357. 0 1,658. 0 Long-Term Debt 0. 0 0. 0 316. 0 Total Liabilities 2,974. 0 2,592. 0 2,203. 0 Total Equity 5,076. 0 4,223. 0 4,095. 0 Ratios 2004 2003 Industry Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 2. 58 2. 89 1. 33 Quick Ratio 2. 3 1. 44 1. 1 Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin 29. 47% 27. 52% 20. 43% Net Profit Margin 5. 20% 1. 11% 4. 53% Return on Equity (ROE) 8. 8% 1. 63% 20. 3% Return on Investment (ROI) 8. 8% 1. 1% 19. 1% Activity Ratios Inventory Turnover 56. 2 110. 84 81. 4 Asset Turnover 1. 2 0. 9108 1. 8 Leverage Ratio 1. 62 2. 47 3. ) Research and Development Apple consider that RD are critical for the activity of the company. therefore, they are willing to increase investment in RD to keep a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. According to the company’s Annual Report in 2004: â€Å"In order to remain competitive, the Company believes that increased investment in research and development (RD) is necessary in order to maintain and extend its position in the markets where it competes. The Company’s RD spending is focused on delivering timely updates and enhancements to its existing line of personal computers, displays, operating systems, software applications and portable music players; developing new digital lifestyle consumer and professional software applications; and investing in new product areas such as rack-mount servers, RAID storage systems, and wireless technologies. † New products are a necessity in this industry and seems to be a priority for Apple. New products are not always a success, though. This might explain why Apple seems to be so hesitant in investing its high cash flow into new projects, the company might be afraid by the potential failure of the outcome. (CI#3) 4. ) Operation and Logistics Apple heavily rely on third-parties in the manufacturing and logistics sector. Therefore, the company’s overall performance is greatly dependent on the performance of its distributors. In order to have more control over the quality of the buying experience, Apple has done continual effort to become vertically integrated during these two passed years. Apple work only with suppliers that meet the criteria from their policy (involve commitment to environment, safety and diversity. ) At each period the company performs a detailed review on demand forecasts, inventory, product lifecycle status. 5. ) Human Resources Management (HRM) Apple has over 13,000 employees world wide. Apple believe that employee’s diversity is a key component for the company success. The company expects that all employee will respect the background or cultural differences of their peers. Apple offer great benefits to its employee such has competitive pay, and compensation, insurance coverage, bonuses, substantial product discount, stock purchase and saving/investment plan. The company offers all-level of position such as internship, part-time and entry-level for college student. 6. ) Information Systems Apple has encountered a substantial success by introducing a new digital music device called iPod that can store 1,000 songs and copy a CD in 10 seconds. The continual heavy investment in RD allowed the company to be on the edge of new technology. Online store distribution channel has been very powerful for the company. V. SWOT/TOWS ANALYSIS A. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Weaknesses 1. Ease of use 2. Established in the personal computer market3. High Corporate reputation 4. Control over the product (manufacture both the computers themselves and also the operating systems which they run)5. Leader in innovation and product differentiation6. Employee diversity 7. Strategic Alliance (HP)8. Joint venture with Pepsi9. Strong Top management10. Loyal customer base11. Creative style 1. The ease of use has led to some image issues, with some business people regarding the Macintosh as a toy. . High inventory3. Distribution problems4. high prices5. Not IBM compatible, though great strides have been made in connectivity the Macintosh is not transparently compatible. 6. Declining share in educational market7. Too many product lines Opportunities Threats 1. Internet2. Growing industry3. Creating new software markets and selling the hardware into these markets. 4. Demand for innovation5. Employee benefit programs6. Growing educational market (In both higher education and schooling, the Macintosh ease of use and low maintenance costs are attractive. )7. Music downloads from Itune 1. Very intense competition among the industry2. Price competition3. loss of market share4. Potential litigations5. Budget deficits in education6. Technological and prices discontinuity7. Potential increase in supply’s costs B. TOWS ANALYSIS SO1. Focusing on innovation and product differentiation will contribute to the customers satisfaction (S5, O3, O4)2. The diversity of the employees and the employee benefit programs contribute to the high corporate reputation (S3, S6, O5)3. Joint venture with Pepsi and strategic alliance with HP respond to the demand for music download. S7, S8, O7) WO1. The growing educational market should increase Apple’s market share in this segment (W6, O6)2. The growing industry should allow the company to decrease prices (W4, O2) ST1. The high corporate reputation might suffer from the potential litigations. (S3, T4)2. Strong management might overcome the potential litigations. (S9, T4)3. Focus on innovation and product creative style might offse t the low prices of competitors. (S11, T1, T2)4. Innovation will depend on the technological -prices conditions and changes. (S5, T6) WT1. The image issues concerning the ease of use of the machine might contribute to the loss of share. (W1, T3)2. The discontinuity in technology and prices might create some forecasting problems, which could result in excess or shortage of inventory. (W2, W3, T6)3. Competition might take advantage of Apple’s high price. (W4, T1, T2)4. Apple’s high price might lower the amount of educational contracts (W4, T5)5. Not being IBM compatible might lead to loss in market share (W5, T3)6. The broad product line might be endangered by the technology and prices discontinuity. (W7, T6) VI. STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDED STRATEGY A. STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES 1. ) Turnaround The company could stop the expansion of their own retail segment in order to maintain a healthy relationship with its third-party distributor and avoid lawsuit. This strategy would also reduce the risks and costs tied to the stores investment. Apple could use its high cash to implement a product development strategy within the market segment they are currently serving. The company could also keep selling its products at a premium price in order to maintain the company’s reputation as an upscale and innovative brand. PROS O Improve relationship with resellers. (CI#2) O Reduce risks O The allocation of the high cash into a product development strategy might ultimately increase the revenue of the company(CI#3) O The premium price might be profitable and the upscale image brand of the company is respected. CONS O No control over the quality of the buying experience procured by the third-party distribution (CI#2) O Potential loss of market share because of the premium selling price O Broad product lines might lead to confusion and extra overhead costs. (CI#1) 2. ) Pause and Proceed with Caution In the Annual Report for 2004, the company saw an increase in revenue and profitability. The introduction of iPod or Itune items have largely contributed to the company’s successful year. The retail segment growth has increased the brand awareness of the company but has led to some conflicts with the resellers. This strategy has to be taken with caution because Their lower price strategy is allowing the company to attract some non-Mac users. During the mid of this year (2005), the company could consider to primarily focus on: the music segment market and the education segment. Apple could also implement a succession plan for the eventual departure of Steve Jobs. The company’s growth strategy has to be taken with caution and compromises with resellers have to be done. PROS O Good financial results O More control over the quality of the buying experience (CI#2) O Better brand awareness O Less confusion among core competency. (CI#1) O Sufficient cash flow to support the discounted prices. (CI#3) CONS O Cannibalization risk is still present (CI#2) O The low prices might discredit Apple’s upscale brand image. 3. ) Vertical Growth The company could decide to do a forward integration, by expanding its own retail store. Apple could use its high cash to finance this investment. The stores are a critical way to leverage Apple’s brand and showcase newfangled digital wares to affluent consumers. PROS O Total control over the quality of the buying experience (CI#2) O High cash can support the investment for the retail segment (CI#3) O Better brand awareness CONS O Dissatisfaction of the resellers(CI#2) O Potential loss of revenue due to cannibalization (CI#2) O The high cash investment is risky, and might have been allocated in a more safety way. CI#3) B. RECOMMENDED STRATEGY Pause and Proceed The last fiscal year has seen improvement for Apple. Profits have increased and the focus has been on innovation, especially in the music segment market. Using the high cash to implement a price strategy appears to be a good idea to compete with the non-Mac users. (CI#3) The brand image might slightly suffer from this st rategy, therefore marketing incentive should be increased in order to sustain Apple’s reputation for high quality and innovative products. The retail segment growth should be implemented with a lot of caution. Apple needs to ease the pain of the resellers by coming up with programs to encourage these longtime partners to help it accomplish goals it can’t achieve on its own. (CI#2) Apple should also primarily focus on the music segment market and the educational segment market in which they have good opportunities. This focus would allow Apple to be more competitive and profitable. (CI#1) Least but not Last, the company should prepare a succession plan in response to the eventual departure of Steve Jobs. (CI#4) VII. IMPLEMENTATION A. WHO? The top management should narrow their focus to two market segment. B. WHAT? Apple’s core competency should focus on the music segment market and the educational segment market in which they have good opportunities. (CI#1) C. HOW? The company has to invest more into these 2 segments and cut some product lines that are not very profitable to the company. D. WHO? As Steve Jobs initiated, the company should keep focusing on a price strategy E. WHAT? By lowering the prices, the company will be able to be more competitive and increase market share. F. HOW? The company can use its high cash to support discounted prices. (CI#3) G. WHO? The top management should decide to expand the retail store. H. WHAT? Improve the quality of the buying experience by having control over the salesperson and collaborate with the resellers. (CI#2) I. HOW? The company can use its high cash to invest in the retail store expansion. The company should also tightly work with the resellers by supporting them through programs and bonuses. (CI#2) (CI#3) J. When? During mid 2005. K. HOW MUCH? The Company’s current strong financial condition and low debt-to-equity ratio will provide the means to accomplish these implementation initiatives in the short-term. In the long-term these measures will be well worth the cost in increased revenue and market share. L. WHO? The board of directors and the top management should prepare a succession plan. (CI#4) M. WHAT? The company has to deal with Steve Jobs eventual departure. N. HOW? Steve Jobs has to delegate some of his power to the top management and he should also implement some training programs. Tim Cook might be a good potential successor. (CI#4) P. WHEN? Right now. VIII. MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL A. The company’s strong financial position should allow the implementation of the strategies stated above. However the investment related to the retail segment growth is very costly and might be risky. Therefore, the company should: O Increase gradually the opening of retail stores. O Assess performance by having Finance and Marketing reviewing â€Å"the numbers â€Å"monthly†. O Spot and immediately address any negative trends The top management should periodically visit stores and gather feedback from line employees. They should also gather feedback from resellers to address expansion issue. B. The company’s focus on the music segment market and the education segment market has to be tightly monitored. O Top management should evaluate on a weekly basis overall performance. Revenue, Profit, ROI) O Feedback forms should also be given to customers to maintain good relations and to spot market trends early. Works Cited 10-Q for Quarterly Period Ended December 25, 2004 http://www. apple. com/investor/ Apple Governance http://www. apple. com/investor/ Apple Financial Analysis http://www. hoovers. com/ Diverse Articles on Apple http://www. businessweek. com Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment. VISION STATEMENT â€Å"Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. † Explanation of vision Apple lives this vision through the technologies it develops for consumers and corporations. It strives to make its customers masters of the products they have bought. Apple doesn’t simply make a statement. It lives it by ensuring that its employees understand the vision and strive to reach it. It has put systems in place to enable smooth customer interaction. It has put objectives in place to continuously move forward; implemented strategies to fulfil these objectives; and ensured that the right marketing, financial and operational structures are in place to apply the strategies. MISSION STATEMENT Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offerings. † Page 15 of 54 [pic][pic][pic] The PC Industry We can glean Insight into the history and composition of the PC Industry from its eponymous title. In the late 1970s, as Wozniak and Jobs were starting Apple computer, personal computers were an emerging product. The following chart (Reimer) gives an overall view of the major market players since the mid-1970s. PC Share of Market 0% 10% 20% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%Year 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 ShareofMark et IBM SOM Apple II SOM Mac SOM Amiga SOM C64 SOM TRS 80 SOM By 1983, the market share of the Apple II fell to 8% while the PC had 26%. Market share of Macintosh peaked at slightly more than 10% in the early 1990s and has since tapered to between 2-3%. The IBM PC and its clones became the standard due to the success of the open nature of the PC. This allows product developers to offer vastly more products for the platform. Some argue that not licensing the Mac OS was a mistake. Bill Gates and Microsoft were encouraging Apple to license their OS in the early 1980s, because they were developing software for Apple and had much riding on the success of the company. When Apple did not license, Microsoft began developing their operating system, Windows. (Linzmayer, 169-75, 245-9) Page 16 of 54 [pic][pic][pic] The Online Music Industry While Apple clearly dominates the online music industry, the battle for domination is not over. Although digital music sales are growing rapidly, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) states that digital sales account for only 4% of all music sales. Borland) Analysts at Forrester (Bartiromo) and Gartner (Bruno) validate this. Apple’s sales are between 66% and 75% of downloads and 80% of music players. (Bruno) Apple is part to a suit alleging monopolistic practices concerning their market share dominance of players and downloads. (Grundner) The other players in the download market are (the revised) Napster, Yaho o Music, Rhapsody, and illegitimate file-sharing services. Portable music players competing with the iPod include those made by Creative, Samsung, iRiver, and Sony. A major point of contention between these services and player manufacturers is the control of a variety of incompatible Digital Rights Management (DRM) schemes. The Future of Apple Personal Computers – A Shift in Strategy Apple has historically taken a far different path than the traditional Windows and Intel combination. Microsoft provides the Windows operating system to separate downstream hardware producers such as Dell. Apple vertically integrated both the operating system software and hardware completely under Apple. A consumer running Microsoft Windows can choose from a myriad of systems based on the Intel processor, while a consumer running Apple’s OS X must purchase Apple hardware. Page 17 of 54 [pic][pic][pic][pic] Apple is adjusting this strategy by migrating their microprocessors from IBM and Motorola PowerPC to Intel. Analysts believe that the Intel-based Macintosh may be able to run Microsoft Windows applications by the end of 2006. (Burrows) In addition to switching processors, Apple positioned their computers as an immediate option for the traditional Microsoft Windows user. With Apple Boot Camp, users may now use Mac OS X or Windows on an Apple computer. (Sutherland) Figure 1: Apple Boot Camp – Allowing Mac OS X or Windows By allowing users to run Windows on an Intel Mac, Apple reduced the switching costs for traditional PC users. Apple may steal away customers that are willing to pay a premium for a system that runs both Windows and Mac OS X. Figure 2: IBM PowerPC Processor, Intel Processor Core Duo / Pentium M Page 18 of 54 [pic]Apple continues to retain a strategic option to license its technology to clone makers such as Dell. Past attempts at licensing Apple technology (to IBM, Gateway, and others) failed on accord of Apple’s rigid demands. Many technology leaders (such as a 1985 letter by Bill Gates to Apple CEO John Sculley) criticized Apple for keeping a closed architecture. Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak criticizes this strategy, â€Å"We had the most beautiful operating system, but to get it you had to buy our hardware at twice the price. That was a mistake. † (Linzmayer, 245-57) Whether Apple would be willing to pursue this reversal of vertical integration is unclear. Although such a move would cannibalize a portion of Apple’s own hardware sales, it would also provide royalty-based revenue that could approach $1 billion annually. (Burrows) Jobs traditionally sided against licensing Apple technology. He referred to Mac clone producers as â€Å"leeches† and he personally killed Power Computing (a Mac clone producer) by terminating their license in 1997. (Linzmayer, 255) Apple in the Living Room Apple’s iPod and iTunes are a powerful combination that fosters a network style of increasing returns. (Barney, 124) By selling iPods, Apple increases the consumer demand for music from iTunes. By placing more musical choices on iTunes (including less popular songs that appeal to niche audiences), there is more demand for iPods. Apple had 70% of the legal music download market in early 2005. (Yoffie) Apple is shooting for the digital living room of the future. For example, Apple just released a â€Å"boom box† portable version of the iPod. This iPod (the iPod Hi-Fi) comes with a remote control. Instead of forming a strategic alliance, Apple engineered the iPod Hi-Fi and designed it with high-fidelity features. (Burrows) Apple is clearly trying to develop a stronger core competency in the entertainment area. Page 19 of 54 [pic][pic] Figure 3: The Apple Hi-Fi Apple may also release an Apple-branded cell phone and iPod combination device by the end of 2006. (Burrows) This product would again position Apple as a â€Å"second mover† responding to Palm’s Treo and Verizon’s VCAST technology. Strategic Alliances and Entertainment Jobs had the early strategic vision to complement computing with movie entertainment. After founding NeXT, he personally acquired a majority interest in the young movie company Pixar in February 1986. (Linzmayer, 219) Jobs went on to invest ? of his personal wealth into Pixar. In 1995, Pixar solidified its position within animated movies with the debut of Toy Story. Grossing $358 million worldwide, it became the 3rd-largest grossing animated movie in history. (Linzmayer, 222) After this success, Jobs took Pixar public and negotiated far better terms with Disney. Later successes included Toy Story 2, Monsters Inc. , and Finding Nemo. Ironically, Jobs stated in the November 23, 1998Business Week, â€Å"I Think Pixar has the opportunity to be the next Disney – not replace Disney – but be the next Disney. † (Linzmayer, 222-4) The alliance between Pixar and Disney has remendous potential for economies of scope. As CEO of Apple and Disney’s largest shareholder, Jobs is the strategic link between Disney, Page 20 of 54 [pic][pic] Apple, and Pixar. Opportunities include combining the animated movie expertise of Disney and Pixar, as well as sharing the content of Disney’s ABC or ESPN networks over Apple’s digital offerings. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) A current example of the fusion between Disney, Jobs, Apple, and technology is video on the iPod. Disney’s Desperate Housewives was one of the first television programs available for purchase and download to the newer video-enabled iPod. There are concerns about whether these synergies will come to fruition. There are fears that the personality and style of Jobs may conflict with Disney, and that Disney CEO Iger could be â€Å"Amelioed† — driven out of office by Jobs in a manner similar to how Jobs drove Amelio out of the CEO post at Apple. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Technological Environment Brand Awareness – Style at a Premium Apple’s products are trendy and stylish. After Jobs returned in 1997, Apple retained designer Jonathan Ive to differentiate their computers from the typical beige box. Ive’s design of the iMac included clear colorful cases that distinguished Apple computers. (Linzmayer, 295-6) Apple’s iPod (with the trademark white ear buds and simple track wheel) commands a 15%-20% premium over other MP3 players. (Yoffie) Apple and Pixar limit the number of computer products and movies that they sell. Product differentiation with focused quality and style also extend to the Jobs Pixar – â€Å"Pixar’s executives focus on making sure there are no ‘B teams,’ that every movie gets the best efforts of Pixar’s brainy staff of animators, storytellers, and technologists. † (Burrows, Grover, and Green) Page 21 of 54 pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Figure 4: The Stylish Design of the iMac and Mac Mini Apple positions its Macintosh computers as higher quality and higher price. HP, Dell, and other PC manufacturers are pricing many systems under the $1,000 threshold. â€Å"Apple is struggling to meet demand for its new MacBook P ro laptop despite a $1,900 price tag that is nearly twice that of garden-variety rivals. † (Burrows) Apple has only recently entered the low-end (below $500) consumer market with the Mac Mini. Although the Mac Mini is a base model with few features, it comes encased in a very small and distinctive package. Apple portrays this computer as â€Å"Small is Beautiful†. (Apple) Likewise, the iPod Shuffle was Apple’s first entry into the lower-end ($100 range) of flash- memory-based portable music players. Interoperability Although Apple competes directly with Microsoft for operating systems, the release of iTunes for Windows in 2002 was a key strategic move. This decision expanded the potential customer base to nearly all personal computer owners, even though Apple only has 2%-3% of all personal computer sales. (Yoffie) Conversely, Apple depends on Microsoft for a version of Microsoft Office. As the most widely used office suite of applications, Macintosh users rely on Office to correspond with companies that standardized on Windows. This is from a strategic alliance between Apple and Microsoft after Jobs returned in 1997. (Linzmayer, 290) Page 22 of 54 [pic][pic][pic] Apple’s iTunes service has a technological hook (asset specificity) to Apple’s iPod. Although versions of iTunes exist for both Apple and Microsoft operating systems, the iTune’s AAC file format prevents other portable music players (such as iRiver or Samsung) from playing purchased songs. (Yoffie) Technology and the Digital Lifestyle Apple not only dominates the music player market, its iLife suite provides consumers with easy-to-use software for music and video composition. With â€Å"podcast† a household word, Apple’s Garage Band application makes the recording of podcasts and music very easy. (Boddie) Figure 5: The GarageBand Music and Podcast Application Page 23 of 54 [pic][pic] Regulatory Environment While introducing new technologies, there is a persistent threat of legal action by competitors. For example, Apple sued Microsoft in 1988 (settled in 1997 for an undisclosed amount) for perceived similarities between Microsoft Windows and Macintosh audiovisual works. Linzmayer, 172-4) Microsoft has generally been the focus for government antitrust charges (such as U. S. v. Microsoft) (US DOJ, 2006). Both federal and state governments assert that Microsoft’s dominance blocked fair competition within the software industry. This is an advantage for Apple, because its operating systems are a vi able substitute for Windows. Furthermore, Microsoft’s continued support for Office for Macintosh reduces the perceived level of market monopoly and abuse. (Linzmayer, 290-1) Manufacturers will continue to trespass on Apple’s intellectual property. For example, the company tex9 released an open source music program called xtunes that was very similar to iTunes. In 2002, Apple took legal action against tex9, who then altered the program and renamed it sumi (pronounced, â€Å"sue me†). (Linzmayer, 300) Legal threats can surface from somewhat unusual sources. Apple Corps Ltd. is the London-based company that owns the rights to the music of the Beatles. Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr recently sued Apple over the use of the Apple logo in iTunes, claiming that it violated Apple’s agreement not to produce music under an apple-based logo. Associated Press) Research and development is a key component to Apple’s sustained competitive advantage. Apple is currently taking legal action against several popular technical web sites for releasing proprietary product research. Sites such as appleinsider. com have allegedly posted verbatim content from documents protected by employee non-disclosure agreements. Page 24 of 54 [ pic][pic][pic] (McCullagh) Release of critical insider information could give Apple’s competitors a jump in producing rival products. Industry Analysis Using Porter’s Five Forces Model Apple operates in two primary industries: †¢ Computing – Hardware and Software †¢ Delivery of Entertainment and Media Apple has always been under intense competition within the computer, software, and entertainment industries. â€Å"Looking to 2005†¦ Every time that Apple had jumped into the lead in a product category during the past two decades, it had had difficulty in sustaining its leadership position. † (Yoffie) We use Porter’s Five Forces Model to understand why Apple’s industries are so competitive. Figure 6: Porter’s Five Forces Model Page 25 of 54 Threat of New Entrants Bargaining ower of Suppliers Threat of Substitutes Bargaining power of Buyers Level of Threat in an Industry [pic][pic] Figure 7: Summary of Industry Threats (Computer Equipment and Entertainment Distribution) Type and Severity of Threat Organization Examples Entry – High Threat Verizon Streaming audio and video with V CAST. Amazon On demand online serv ices to purchase music (similar to iTunes). Google They make everything. The â€Å"Next Google† New entrants with disruptive technology. Rivalry – High Threat Microsoft Windows Operating System, Windows Media Player for playing music and video. Linux Competition to Mac OS X Operating System. Napster, Rhapsody Online music sources – alternatives to iTunes Music Store. Dell, HP, Lenovo Alternate sources for computer hardware. iRiver, Samsung, Creative Small, stylish MP3 Players. DreamWorks Animated movies. YouTube. com Online video. Substitutes – Moderate Threat XM, Sirius Satellite Radio for music. XBox, PS2 Entertainment Media, Media and Music. Various Internet Streaming Radio and Podcasts. Music CDs, DVD- Audio and SuperAudio CD Alternative means to acquire music. Broadcast, Cable, Satellite, NetFlix, TiVo, Theatres Alternative sources for video. Suppliers – High Threat Motorola, IBM, Intel, Samsung Suppliers of Processors and computer memory. Microsoft Strategic Alliance / Supplier of Office for Mac. The Big Five – BMG, EMI, Sony, Universal, and Warner Sources of music. Will they raise prices and break the dollar per song model? Some in the record industry resent Apple’s distribution model. â€Å"Apple reaps billions from selling its hit music player, but there are sparse profits from the songs being sold over the Net. † (Burrows, Grover, and Green) Disney, ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, Pixar, Sony Suppliers of Television and Movies. Will they sign exclusive contracts with other online services? Note that this threat is reduced for Disney / Pixar. Buyers – Moderate Threat Consumers and Illegal peer-to-peer file sharing Consumers share music using peer-to-peer networks without paying for music. Distributors Apple retailers may pressure for lower prices or better terms. For example, the release of the Apple Store in 2001 â€Å"infuriated longtime independent Apple retailers that didn’t appreciate Cupertino cannibalizing their sales. † (Linzmayer, 300) Consumer Attitudes and Behaviors Consumers or businesses may reduce spending on personal computers or non-essential (potentially high elasticity of demand) music players if they fear economic downturns. Consumer Refresh Consumers and businesses may continue to use previous-model iPods and Page 26 of 54 [pic][pic] Cycles Macs rather than upgrade to current iPods, iMacs, or OS Page 27 of 54 [pic]The total industry threat for the industry space that Apple occupies (computer equipment and distribution of entertainment) is a high threat industry. Apple must continue to pursue product differentiation (i. e. he style and ease-of-use of an iPod) and economies of scope (i. e. offering ABC television shows on iTunes) to maintain their sustained competitive advantage in this industry. Which External Threats are Most Significant †¢ Computer Hardware and Software: Open Source software such as the Linux Operating System and Open Office applications threaten both Apple and Microsoft. The low (often, free) cost of the software may allow it to overtake Apple and Microsoft, especially in developing markets such as China. †¢ Music Products: Major online retailers such as Amazon are considering entry into the online music market. With a wide internet presence and a household name, Amazon could present a formidable challenge to Apple. If the major record labels (Universal, Sony BMG, EMI, and Warner) negotiate better terms with new competitors to iTunes, Apple may be unable to provide some of the music content that they currently offer. The major music labels dislike Apple’s dollar per song pricing. They would prefer to earn higher profits with â€Å"variable pricing†. (Wingfield) With variable pricing, the most popular songs would be greater than $1, and less popular songs would be less than $1. Although the labels recently renewed their contracts with Apple, there may be provisions that allow future changes in the pricing model. (Wingfield and Smith) †¢ Suppliers: The recent shift to Intel processors could present a significant threat to Apple. With only two companies (Intel and AMD) producing Intel-compatible processors, there is a strong potential for tacit collusion and oligopoly power between these suppliers. Apple purchasing must now directly compete with HP, Lenovo, and Dell. If shortages or Page 28 of 54 [pic][pic] exclusive agreements materialize, Apple could face problems with obtaining raw materials. Apple should consider additional sources such as Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Figure 8: CPU Market Share Additional External Threats Security Apple software, like all large software products, has security vulnerabilities that hackers may exploit. A significant exploitation in the future could damage many businesses and households using Apple computers. This would affect future customer purchasing decisions. Apple enjoys a competitive advantage, because their OS X is mature and stable due to its basis on BSD Unix. In fact, â€Å"computer security folks back at FBI HQ use Macs running OS X†. (Granneman) Page 29 of 54 pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Ads by Google |Free Whitepaper | |Gain competitive advantage | |using predictive analytics | |www. sas. com/uk/retail | |SPSS Predictive Analytics |Learn To Use Predictive Analytics | |In This Free SPSS White Paper. | |www. cognos. com/SPSS_analytics | |SWOT Analysis Diagrams | |Easy SWOT Diagram Software | |See Examples. Free Download! | |www. SmartDraw. com | pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]A Strategic Analysis of Apple Corporation DownloadPrintMobileCollectionsReport Document Report this document? Please tell us reason(s) for reporting this document Top of Form [pic] [pic] [pic]Spam or junk [pic]Porn adult content [pic]Hateful or offensive If you are the copyright owner of this document and want to report it, please follow these directions to submit a copyright infringement notice. 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[pic] Info and Rating Reads: 46,219 [pic] Uploaded: 02/09/2009 Category: School Work Rated: pic][pic][pic][pic][pic](28 Ratings) course information mck54321@gmail. com inc analyse strategy summary macintosh computers organisational objective (more tags) course information mck54321@gmail. com inc analyse strategy summary macintosh computers organisational objective avac strategic control business activities term strategy industries case profitibility economic relative ideas (fewer) Follow mahantesh123 [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Sections show allcollapse « prev | next  » †¢ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY †¢ HISTORY OF APPLE †¢ The PC Industry †¢ The Online Music Industry The Future of Apple †¢ Apple in the Living Room †¢ EXTERNAL ANALYSIS †¢ Technological Environment †¢ Interoperability †¢ Technology and the Digital Lifestyle †¢ Regulatory Environment †¢ Industry Analysis Using Porter’s Five Forces Model †¢ SWOT Analysis †¢ Threats †¢ Financial Analysis †¢ Stock Price Performance †¢ Profitability Measures †¢ Product Unit Sales †¢ 2002 Product Sales †¢ 2005 Product Sales †¢ Strategy †¢ Product Differentiation †¢ Strategic Alliances [pic]Share Embed Related Documents PreviousNext 1. 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[pic]Recent Readcasters Add a Comment Top of Form [pic] [pic] Submit Characters: 400 [pic] [pic] Bottom of Form 0137984613 left a comment iryani_70 03 / 13 / 2010 Reply natasha100 left a comment awesum report-thanx !!!!! !!! -but just tel me how 2 download it? 03 / 02 / 2010 Reply queenouchka left a comment great report, please how to download? 02 / 24 / 2010 Reply BrianCMasi left a comment is reading Thanks for this. Your work helped guide me in completing my analysis of the company. Strategic Analysis of Apple Inc. – Brian Masi. 12 / 15 / 2009 Reply bondito1 left a comment Great report, please enable downloads 12 / 09 / 2009 Reply Show More [pic] [pic][pic]Ads by Google |Free Whitepaper | |Gain competitive advantage | |using predictive analytics | |www. sas. om/uk/retail | |SPSS Predictive Analytics | |Learn To Use Predictive Analytics | |In This Free SPSS White Paper. | |www. cognos. com/SPSS_analytics | |SWOT Analysis Diagrams | |Easy SWOT Diagram Software | |See Examples. 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